蓝莓组织培养苗木质量调控技术研究

研究了不同基质、穴盘规格和光照强度对蓝莓组织培养苗木质量的调控效果。结果表明,松林腐殖土∶珍珠岩=3∶2的基质较适合蓝莓组织培养苗生长;苗木质量与容器大小呈正比;肥料配比与苗木质量关系密切;组织培养苗移栽宜在弱光下进行;全年适宜移栽期240d左右。     

基质腐熟处理前后对百合生长发育及切花品质的影响（英文）

[目的]探讨基质腐熟处理前后对百合生长发育及切花品质的影响。[方法]以东方百合品种‘西伯利亚’为试材,研究了腐熟前后的农业废物弃物分别作为无土栽培的基质成分对百合的生长发育及切花品质的影响,并测定了基质腐熟处理前后其理化性质的变化。[结果]充分腐熟的农业废弃物不但能改善基质的理化性质,如发酵后的基质趋于稳定,碳氮比有大幅下降,总孔隙度增大,气水比得到改善,基质中营养元素有所增加,还能显著增加百合的株高、茎粗、叶片数、叶面积、叶片鲜重等,扩大百合的根系,并明显提高了百合的切花率和切花品质。[结论]该研究为切花百合的高效栽培提供了理论依据。     

辣椒栽培有机基质在蔬菜育苗中的二次利用初探

以栽培一茬辣椒的2个优势基质配方T1[V(玉米芯)∶V(河沙)∶V(牛粪)=4∶1∶1]、T2[V(玉米芯)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(河沙)∶V(牛粪)=3∶1∶1∶1]和CK2[V(玉米芯)∶V(泥炭)∶V(玉米秸秆)∶V(牛粪)=1∶1∶1∶1]为对象,以新配常用育苗基质CK1[V(泥炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=1∶1]为对照,比较了以玉米芯为主的有机基质在3种蔬菜育苗中重复利用的效果。结果表明,4种基质的体积质量、总孔隙度、EC值、pH均在适宜范围,只有吸水量偏低,育苗时应加强水分管理。播种7 d后3种蔬菜的出苗率均达最高,以T2基质的出苗率最高;3种蔬菜在各基质上均生长良好,且T1、T2和CK2的株高、茎粗及叶面积均大于CK1。说明栽培一茬辣椒后的混合农作物生物质基质可以在蔬菜育苗中重复利用,且效果显著优于以泥炭为主成分的鲜配育苗基质。     

广西塑料大棚基质栽培次生盐渍化的发生与对策探讨

随着塑料大棚栽培面积的逐年增长和基质栽培年代的推移,导致次生盐渍化日趋严重,妨碍了作物生长,使产量降低。预防塑料大棚基质栽培次生盐渍化的发生及其危害,已成为塑料温室大棚基质栽培普遍存在的技术难题。简述了塑料温室大棚基质栽培的发展历史,对次生盐渍化发生原因进行了分析,有针对性地提出了合理轮作、科学施肥、淹水排盐、调节基质酸碱度和更换基质等对策,探讨了塑料温室大棚基质栽培次生盐渍化的防治途径和措施。     

蔬菜无土栽培基质初步筛选研究

以草炭、蛭石、炉渣、废菇料和粉碎后的玉米秸秆为原料,按不同材料种类及比例混合制成8种蔬菜无土栽培复合基质,测定并比较了8种复合基质的理化性质,初步筛选出适宜蔬菜栽培的优良基质。结果表明：8种基质的容重、pH值和总孔隙度均在蔬菜栽培的适宜范围内;大小孔隙比、基质电导率及成本上各有优劣。通过综合考量,初步优选出的无土栽培基质为基质Ⅳ（V棉籽皮∶V炉渣=1∶1）、基质Ⅵ（V棉籽皮∶V蛭石=1∶1）和基质Ⅶ（V玉米秸秆∶V棉籽皮∶V蛭石=1∶1∶2）。     

不同培养料配方和出菇温度对猴头菇生长影响

本试验对猴头菇不同培养料配方和出菇温度进行研究,结果表明,配方3的产量最高,第一潮菇和第二潮菇的产量分别达到了148.2g·袋-1和125.6g·袋-1;出菇温度维持在16℃左右,出菇周期最短并且产量最高,出菇时间为26d。     

林芝地区林下凋落物作无土育苗基质初步研究

以北农1号番茄为试材,以土壤为对照,研究了菇渣、高效腐殖土、往年凋落物、当年凋落物4种基质对番茄幼苗生长状况的影响。结果表明:在出苗率、株高、茎粗、根长、单株干鲜质量、根冠比、茎叶比、鲜干比和真叶抽生数等方面,高效腐殖土、菇渣和往年凋落物均明显优于当年凋落物和对照土壤;土壤在株高、茎粗和真叶抽生数方面显著优于当年凋落物;往年凋落物具备作为优质育苗基质的特性。     

Closed cycle subirrigation with low concentration nutrient solution can be used for soilless tomato production in saline conditions

Closed cycle soilless techniques can be adopted to minimize water and fertilizer losses in greenhouse cultivation. There is a general lack of information regarding the soilless cultivation of vegetables with closed cycle subirrigation techniques, specifically when using saline water. In this study, a trough bench subirrigation system (SUB), with two fertilizer concentrations (“100%”, containing 9.8 mol m⁻³ N-NO₃, 1.6 mol m⁻³ P-H₂PO₄, 8.7 mol m⁻³ K⁺, 2.8 mol m⁻³ Ca⁺, 1.8 mol m⁻³ Mg⁺, 4 mol m⁻³ S-SO₄, and “70%”, containing 70% of the macronutrient concentration) in the nutrient solution (NS), was compared with open cycle drip-irrigation (DRIP with “100%” NS). For all the three treatments, NS was prepared using rain water (0.05 dS m⁻¹) and adding NaCl (1 g L⁻¹), in order to simulate moderate saline irrigation water. The effect of the treatments on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plant growth, yield, fruit quality, water use efficiency (WUE) and fertilizer consumption was evaluated. Substrate and recirculating NS composition were also studied. Subirrigation, regardless of NS concentration, reduced plant height (by 30 cm), leaf area (by 1411 cm²), total fresh and dry weight (by 429 and 48.5 g plant⁻¹, respectively) but not dry matter percentage of the whole plant, with respect to DRIP. Yield was reduced when plants were subirrigated with the higher concentrated NS, but no differences with open cycle DRIP were recorded when the lower NS concentration was used in SUB. Fruit quality was not affected by irrigation system or NS concentration. The higher WUE was obtained with subirrigation. NaCl accumulated similarly over the crop cycle in recirculating NS of both SUB treatments and in growing substrates of all the three treatments. Higher salt concentration was found in subirrigated substrates, in particular in the upper part of the substrate profile. Fertilizers accumulated in the subirrigated substrates when the higher NS concentration was used, but not when the NS concentration was reduced by 30%. The results of this study indicate that tomato can be grown successfully in a closed cycle subirrigation system, using saline water, by reducing the fertilizer NS concentration normally used with traditional open cycle systems.     

牡丹基质栽培研究简述

分析了我国牡丹栽培基质研究概况,指出了牡丹基质栽培中存在的主要问题,并对牡丹基质栽培的前景进行了展望。     

小麦/玉米苗期磷累积量对介质供磷水平反应的差异

小麦和玉米苗期是磷素营养的关键期和敏感期,研究两种作物苗期对介质供磷反应,可为合理施用磷肥提供参考.试验设缺磷对照、低磷胁迫、中等磷胁迫和正常供磷(P2O5含量分别为0、0.05 mmol·L-1、0.3 mmol·L-1和0.5 mmol·L-1) 4种磷水平,选取小麦"小偃22号"、"兰考4号"和玉米"屯玉65号"、"户单4号"为指标作物,用营养液培养法研究小麦、玉米苗期磷累积量对介质不同供磷水平的反应差异.结果表明,不同介质供磷水平下,两种作物苗期磷累积量显著不同且因作物类型、基因型、器官及测定时期不同而异.总体而言,介质供磷后,苗期早期生长阶段(出苗后25 d以前),小麦的介质最佳供磷水平较玉米高;苗期后期(出苗后40～50 d),小麦和玉米最佳供磷水平一致.如果以低磷胁迫作为对比进行分析,玉米苗期整株磷累积量对介质供磷的敏感性比小麦强;从不同基因型来看:"兰考4号"对介质供磷的敏感性强于"小偃22号","屯玉65号"和"户单4号"基本一致.缺磷条件下小麦较玉米磷效率高,供磷条件下玉米较小麦高;但不同基因型间规律性较差.