玉米秸秆不同部位营养成分、体外消化率和有效能的比较

为了高效利用玉米秸秆各部位,采用近红外漫反射光谱法,以整株玉米秸秆作为对照,对玉米秸秆不同部位(茎髓、茎皮、苞叶和叶片)的营养成分,干物质(DM)和中性洗涤纤维(NDF) 30、48 h体外消化率、有效能和吨干物质产奶量等进行了测定。结果显示:粗脂肪、粗蛋白在叶片中含量最高,茎皮中最低;苞叶中的淀粉、总可消化养分和非纤维性碳水化合物含量最高;茎皮中的酸性洗涤纤维、木质素的含量最高,苞叶和叶片中含量较低;苞叶的DM (48 h)和NDF (30,48 h)的体外消化率最高,显著高于叶片、茎髓、整株秸秆、茎皮(P<0. 05);苞叶的有效能和吨干物质产奶量显著高于其叶片(P<0. 05),叶片显著高于茎髓、整株秸秆、茎皮(P<0. 05)。综合以上指标比较,玉米秸秆各部位的综合营养价值存在差异,从高到低的顺序为苞叶>叶片>茎髓>整株秸秆>茎皮。     

黑麦作为能量原料对肉鸡细菌移位、肠道黏度及微生物组成的影响

本研究开展了两批试验,旨在评估黑麦作为能量饲料原料对肉鸡细菌移位、小肠黏度和完整性、肠道微生物含量及胫骨钙化的影响。每个试验分别选择40只1日龄肉鸡,随机分为两组,对照组饲喂玉米型日粮,试验组饲喂黑麦型日粮,在10d时,两批试验各组分别选择10只鸡口服2.0mg/mL葡萄糖荧光素,2.5h后检查血清葡萄糖荧光素含量,收集肝脏用于分析细菌移位,十二指肠、回肠和盲肠用于分析微生物含量及肠道黏度,胫骨用于测定强度和分析骨成分。试验结果:两批试验中,黑麦日粮组肉鸡体重均显著低于玉米日粮组(P<0.05),但黑麦日粮组较玉米日粮组显著提高了小肠黏度(P<0.05),同时伴随高水平的血清葡萄糖荧光素和肝脏细菌移位(P<0.05)。试验1和试验2黑麦日粮组较玉米日粮组均显著提高了十二指肠、回肠和盲肠乳酸杆菌含量(P<0.05)。同时,黑麦组日粮肉鸡十二指肠和回肠大肠杆菌含量显著升高(P<0.05),而总厌氧菌含量仅在十二指肠表现为显著升高(P<0.05)。与黑麦日粮组相比,两批试验中,玉米日粮组肉鸡胫骨强度以及灰分、钙和磷含量较均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:黑麦作为肉鸡日粮能量原料来源增加了鸡肠道黏度和体重,降低了血清葡萄糖荧光素,改变了鸡的微生物群组成和胫骨矿化。     

鸭疱疹病毒1型的gB蛋白截短表达及其ELISA检测

参照已发表的鸭肠炎病毒（Duck enteritis virus,DEV）基因组序列,利用生物学软件DNAstar进行序列分析,设计并合成一对特异性引物,PCR扩增了长855 bp的gB基因片段.将目的片段克隆至pMD18-T载体,经PCR、酶切及测序鉴定后,定向克隆至pET30a表达载体中,经PCR、酶切鉴定正确后,重组质粒转化BL21表达茵,经IPTG诱导后获得了以包涵体形式表达的重组蛋白.重组蛋白在变性的条件下采用Ni柱亲和层析法纯化,变性蛋白复性后,Western blot检测表明重组蛋白具有良好的反应活性,以该蛋白作为诊断抗原,初步建立了检测鸭肠炎病毒抗体的间接ELISA诊断方法,为鸭肠炎病毒抗体诊断试剂盒的研制奠定了基础.     

燕麦饲草多组分营养差异分析

为挖掘利用高营养燕麦饲草种质资源,将源自以色列不同地区的23份野生燕麦生态型和3份燕麦栽培品种种植于四川甘孜、贵州贵阳、四川成都3个环境,分别在抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期进行刈割处理,并测定其酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、纤维素(F)、半纤维素(HF)、木质素(L)、洗涤纤维中性...     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of breed and different lipid dietary supplements on beef quality

Focus of this study was to evaluate the most suitable breed/crossbred and the appropriate nutritional strategies to increase marbling in beef muscle and to improve its healthy properties, in particular the n‐3 fatty acids content. One hundred and seventy‐six heifers of three crossbreed commonly reared by Emilia‐Romagna farmers: 48 Bleu Belge × Freisian (ITA), 48 Charolais × Aubrac (FRA), and 80 Angus (ANG) were used. Animals of each breed were randomly subdivided in two experimental groups that received two diets, differing for the dietary lipid source. Control group (C) received a basal diet containing protected vegetable fats, whereas treated one (T) received the same basal diet supplemented with 0.9 kg/head/day of extruded flaxseed. After slaughtering, a sample of Longissimus thoracis was collected from each animal for meat quality analysis. Our results demonstrated that, in a shorter fattening period, ANG animals obtained the best dry matter intake, average daily gain and the best fattening scores. ITA and ANG meat presented the highest marbling scores. ANG breed had the highest amount of C18:1, the highest unsaturated/saturated fatty acids ratio and the lowest n‐6/n‐3 ratio. The T animals, independently from breed, showed the highest amount of α‐linolenic acid (ALA). In addition, ANG‐T meat presented the highest ALA content.     

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases in bovine luteal cells induced by prostaglandin F2α, interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α

We recently demonstrated that luteal cells flow out from the ovary via lymphatic vessels during luteolysis. However, the regulatory mechanisms of the outflow of luteal cells are not known. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can degrade the extracellular matrix and basal membrane, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) inhibit the activity of MMPs. To test the hypothesis that MMP expression in luteal cells is regulated by luteolytic factors, we investigated the effects of prostaglandin F2α (PGF), interferon γ (IFNG) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) on the mRNA expression of MMPs and TIMPs in cultured luteal cells. Luteal cells obtained from the CL at the mid-luteal stage (days 8–12 after ovulation) were cultured with PGF (0.01, 0.1, 1 μM), IFNG (0.05, 0.5, 5 nM) and TNF (0.05, 0.5, 0.5 nM) alone or in combination for 24 h. PGF and IFNG significantly increased the expression of MMP-1 mRNA. In addition, 1 μM PGF in combination with 5 nM IFNG stimulated MMP-1 and MMP-9 mRNA expression significantly more than either treatment alone. In contrast, IFNG significantly decreased the level of MMP-14 mRNA. The mRNA expression of TIMP-1, which preferentially inhibits MMP-1, was suppressed by 5 nM INFG. One μM PGF and 5 nM IFNG suppressed TIMP-2 mRNA expression. These results suggest a new role of MMPs: luteal MMPs stimulated by PGF and IFNG break down the extracellular matrix surrounding luteal cells, which accelerates detachment from the CL during luteolysis, providing an essential prerequisite for outflow of luteal cells from the CL to lymphatic vessels.