苏云金杆菌防治贮烟害虫应用研究

对从烟叶中分离到的对贮烟害虫高毒效的苏云金杆菌Bt33、Bt53、BtHB进行了系统的研究。结果表明:(1)经生理生化特性对比鉴定,菌株Bt33属科尔默亚种,血清型是H21;菌株Bt53属幕虫亚种,血清型是H2;菌株BtHB属加拿大亚种,血清型是H5a5c。(2)室内生物毒力测定,9d后Bt33、Bt53发酵原粉稀释300倍对烟草粉螟二龄幼虫防治效果均超过80%,BtHB发酵原粉稀释600倍防治效果超过80%。(3)菌剂Bt33、Bt53、BtHB在烟叶仓库中的实际防治效果,两个试验点烟叶均匀喷雾菌剂处理对烟草粉螟的防治效果好于烟包表面喷雾菌剂的处理;其中,烟叶均匀喷雾Bt53菌剂处理的防治效果最好。(4)施用苏云金杆菌菌剂防治贮烟害虫后对烟叶的化学成分无影响;卷制的单体烟香气质、香气量、烟气浓度、杂气与对照比,评吸分均有提高;刺激性、劲头、余味与对照比差异不显著。     

农户彩钢仓气密防潮性改进的研究

针对当前农户储粮钢板仓存在的问题,重点研究了造成钢板仓漏气的部位——各层接缝处、出粮口的气密防潮方式和结构,提出了加装层沿密封条、层间加装紧固扣件、仓圈边缘加工成螺纹状、密封出粮口设计、加装整体密封罩等多个经济、方便、实用的气密防潮性改造设计方案.并通过气密防潮仓与对照实验表明,增加层沿密封条和采用密封出粮口后,气密防潮仓内粮食的含水量变化明显较对照仓缓慢,仓房防潮性能明显提高.在人为改变环境温度后,对照仓内的上层粮温明显高于气密防潮仓内的粮温,气密防潮仓的隔热性能也得到了提高.     

苏云金杆菌防治贮烟害虫应用研究

对从烟叶中分离到的对贮烟害虫高毒效的苏云金杆菌Bt33、Bt53、BtHB进行了系统的研究。结果表明:(1)经生理生化特性对比鉴定,菌株Bt33属科尔默亚种,血清型是H21;菌株Bt53属幕虫亚种,血清型是H2;菌株BtHB属加拿大亚种,血清型是H5a5c。(2)室内生物毒力测定,9d后Bt33、Bt53发酵原粉稀释300倍对烟草粉螟二龄幼虫防治效果均超过80%,BtHB发酵原粉稀释600倍防治效果超过80%。(3)菌剂Bt33、Bt53、BtHB在烟叶仓库中的实际防治效果,两个试验点烟叶均匀喷雾菌剂处理对烟草粉螟的防治效果好于烟包表面喷雾菌剂的处理;其中,烟叶均匀喷雾Bt53菌剂处理的防治效果最好。(4)施用苏云金杆菌菌剂防治贮烟害虫后对烟叶的化学成分无影响;卷制的单体烟香气质、香气量、烟气浓度、杂气与对照比,评吸分均有提高;刺激性、劲头、余味与对照比差异不显著。     

Laboratory experiments of vacuum treatment in combination with an O2 absorber for the suppression of Sitophilus granarius infestations in stored grain samples

The effectiveness of vacuum (V) treatment alone and in combination with an oxygen absorber (V + A) for suppression of grain infestation by Sitophilus granarius L. were compared under laboratory conditions. The effectiveness of the treatment methods was evaluated at different temperatures (15, 25 °C) and exposure times (7, 14, 21, 28 days). We evaluated both the effects on adults present in grain interspaces and hidden infestations within the kernels in terms of treatment time separately. Adults of S. granarius present in grain interspaces were more susceptible to both treatments than hidden infestations developing within kernels. At 25 °C, total mortality of adults in grain interspaces was achieved after 10 days of exposure whereas total suppression of hidden infestations was achieved after 3 weeks. Higher temperature and longer exposure correlated with a greater effectiveness of the tested treatments. The addition of an oxygen absorber to the vacuum treatment (V + A) showed the general tendency of improving the effectiveness of the vacuum treatment on suppression of hidden infestations; significant differences between the V + A and V treatments were prominent primarily at the lower temperature tested. Reduction of hidden infestation was achieved after 3 weeks of exposure to V + A treatment (99.8%) and after 4 weeks of V treatment (95.8%) at 15 °C.     

山核桃离体花粉活力初步研究

利用FCR方法对不同散粉期和不同贮藏条件下山核桃花粉生活力进行了测定。结果表明:在散粉周期中,花粉生活力变化平均值呈正态分布,散粉盛期花粉具最高生活力。不同贮藏条件对保持花粉生活力具有显著影响,随着贮藏时间的增长,花粉活力逐渐递减,室温贮藏条件下递减最快,30 d内仅有8%左右具有生活力,而在室温干燥条件下,花粉可保持90 d有活性;4℃贮藏条件下,180 d还有9%的花粉具有活性,而在4℃干燥贮藏条件下活力更高(23%);-40℃贮藏条件下,不管干燥与不干燥花粉均会保持较高的活性(48%和81%),完全可以用于来年的辅助授粉。     

储粮害虫磷化氢抗性检测方法研究进展

记述了当前磷化氢抗性检测的4种方法,即FAO检测法、FAO检测法的改进、快速击倒检测法和分子生物学检测法。简要评述了各个方法的特点,探讨了FAO检测法与快速击倒检测法,以及与分子生物学检测法间的关系。还对近几年国外磷化氢抗性分子学研究的进展进行了简要地概括,并对世界范围内分子生物学检测法在储藏物害虫磷化氢抗性检测中的应用做了跟踪介绍。     

牛血清白蛋白对猪精液常温保存效果的影响

在猪人工授精技术中,良好的稀释液是提高精子活率的关键因素之一。为了研究牛血清白蛋白（BSA）对猪精液常温保存的影响,在基础液Modena中分别添加1、2、3、4、5和6 g/L 的BSA,检测精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率以及总抗氧化能力（T AOC）和丙二醛（MDA）浓度,分析BSA对猪精液常温保存效果的影响。结果表明,Modena中添加3～5 g/L的BSA能显著延长猪精子有效保存时间、提高精子活率和质膜完整率、降低MDA的浓度（P<0.05）,但对顶体完整率和T AOC影响不大（P>0.05）,其中添加4 g/L的BSA效果最好,有效保存时间为7.5 d,经过7 d保存后精子活率、质膜完整率、顶体完整率分别为54%、49%和78%,T AOC和MDA的浓度分别为1.03 U/mL和17.51 μmol/L。研究结果说明,Modena中添加BSA能够提高常温保存精子的品质,其适宜添加量为4 g/L。     

基于Web的渔业数据库系统设计与实现

本文探讨了在网络环境下建立渔业数据库管理及检索系统的技术问题,并应用ＡＳＰ、ＡＤＯ技术开发了基于ＳＱＬ Ｓｅｒｅｒ７．０数据库的Ｗｅｂ应用程序。文中给出了利用该技术连接数据库并调用存储过程的一个编程实例。     

Confirmation of the Productivity of the Stored Seeds of Wheat and Two-Rowed Barley

Summary

To confirm the excellence in productivity of the stored seeds of wheat and two-rowed barley, we examined the growth characters and productivity of the plants developed from the seeds stored at 5°C and 40% relative humidity for various periods but showed a 80% or higher germination percentage, in comparison with those of newly harvested seeds (new seeds). The cultivars of stored seeds were identified by the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. There were no differences in the morphological characters of the seedlings 3 months after emergence between the new seeds and the old seeds (stored for 2 years and 5 months) or the very old seeds (stored for 10 years and 5 months or 16 years and 5 months). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between the top dry weight at 3 months after emergence and 1,000-grain weight of the seed. In the plants from the old seeds, no significant differences from those from new seeds were observed either in the mean heading date, maturing date, culm lengths, ear length, yield components, grain yield or inspection-grade. On the other hand, in the plants from the very old seeds, the mean heading date, maturing date, culm lengths, yield components and grain yield were significantly different from those in the new seeds in some cultivars. The results of RAPD analysis showed that the band pattern of the very old seeds was the same as that of the new seed in each cultivar. We concluded that the seeds of wheat and two-rowed barley stored for 2 years and 5 months with a germination percentage of higher than 80% are practically useful, showing normal growth characters and productivity. However, it should be noted that some cultivars had inferior grain yield after the seed storage for over 10 years.     

控温对储粮害虫防治作用的研究和应用进展

温度是影响害虫生命活动的重要因素,超过其耐受极限的高低温均严重抑制害虫的生长发育,直至死亡。利用高低温防治储粮害虫是一种重要的物理防治方式,具有安全、对环境友好、无污染、易操作等优点。综述了高低温防治害虫的机制、高低温对害虫生理生化指标的影响及其在储粮害虫防治上的应用,以期对促进储粮害虫的综合治理研究和应用有所借鉴。