基于流量调节阀和神经网络的植保机械在线混药装置

农药的小流量、高精度实时动态测控是在线混药装置急需解决的一个关键问题。流过调节阀的流量与阀前后压差、流体密度、阀开度有关,通过建立流量与这3个变量间的关系表达式,即可利用调节阀对药液流量进行实时检测和控制。设计了利用流量计和调节阀分别对水和农药原液进行计量的在线混药装置,在提出调节阀相应标定方法的基础上,建立了调节阀的流量关系表达式,并在室内进行了测试。结果表明,农药流量在24~240 m L/min范围内时,混药装置的药液流量相对偏差均小于4%。     

风幕式气力辅助静电喷雾沉积特性

针对传统农业施药过程中雾滴漂移量大和雾滴冠层穿透力不足的问题,以风幕式气力辅助喷雾系统为研究对象,采用称重平面沉积量方法,研究了风幕式气力辅助下荷电喷雾和非荷电喷雾在不同高度面上的沉积规律,以及不同风幕风速影响下荷电喷雾和非荷电喷雾的沉积特性,分析了风幕射流流场对喷雾液滴沉积分布的影响。研究表明：风幕式气力辅助有效减少了液滴的横向扩散,使喷雾沉积集中在靠近喷雾中心的狭窄区域,有效抑制雾滴漂移;风幕流场加强喷雾流场的扰动,使非荷电喷雾和荷电喷雾沿喷杆轴向沉积都更加均匀。气体射流增加了液滴的动量,射流速度越大风幕对喷雾沉积分布影响越大。      

不同植保机械喷雾雾滴沉积分布对小麦病害的防治效果

通过比较自走式喷杆喷雾机、无人植保飞行器、背负式弥雾机3种植保机械喷雾在小麦上的农药雾滴沉积分布,分析其对小麦病害防治效果的影响。结果表明,自走式喷杆喷雾机雾滴沉积密度和雾滴覆盖率都较高,是植保飞行器的8~10倍,自走式喷杆喷雾机雾滴沉积密度为136.19~167.53个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率为12.96%~28.13%,雾滴覆盖率上部与中部高于下部叶片。对小麦病害防治效果较好,小麦纹枯病病指防效达61.60%,赤霉病防效达71.43%,白粉病防效达78.02%。植保飞行器喷雾在小麦上、中、下部位的雾滴沉积密度分别为14.28、13.15、18.42个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率分别为2.45%、2.08%、1.46%,植保飞行器喷雾在小麦上、中、下部雾滴分布均匀。植保飞行器喷雾对小麦病害防效较好,纹枯病病指防效达63.26%~75.20%,赤霉病病指防效达85.71%,白粉病病指防效达70.33%。背负式弥雾机喷雾在小麦上的雾滴沉积密度为81.21~147.12个/cm~2,雾滴覆盖率为7.26%~28.76%,总体表现为上部中部下部,且差异性显著。     

喷雾干燥法中药益生元微胶囊的制备及体外控释分析

[目的]寻找水产养殖中抗生素替代品。[方法]以优化的中药配方与相应的肠道益生菌群合理配比形成益生元产品,采用喷雾干燥工艺制备中药复合益生菌群微胶囊制剂。对中药益生元微胶囊中益生菌存活率有显著影响的进风温度、出风口温度和进料速度3个因素为自变量,以微胶囊中益生菌的存活率为响应值,设计3因素3水平响应面分析试验,通过响应面分析确定微胶囊包埋的最佳条件,并通过体外模拟进行消化性能分析。[结果]微胶囊包埋的最佳条件为进风口温度187℃、出风口温度60℃和进料速度为32 m L/min,在此喷雾干燥工艺条件下中药益生元微胶囊中益生菌存活率达到9.42 log CFU/g,最终的微胶囊产品经SEM观察颗粒外形圆整,大小分布均匀且表面光滑。体外释放结果表明,壁材为质量分数1%的海藻酸钠和质量分数3%的明胶,在此工艺条件下制备的中药益生元微胶囊避免其在斜带石斑鱼胃液中快速吸收,减缓其在肠液中释放,确实提高中药益生元微胶囊的靶向性和高效性,进一步体外攻毒试验及H.E染色组织病理切片可观察到微胶囊对于鳗弧菌感染的鱼体受损肝脏器官具有明显疗效。[结论]制备的中药益生元微胶囊在体外模拟试验中具有较好的高效性和可控释放性能,该研究结果可为该微胶囊的市场化推广奠定基础。     

Effects of the radiometric properties of innovative biodegradable mulching materials on snapdragon cultivation

Research on the application of innovative biodegradable materials for substrate mulching in greenhouse floricultural cultivation was carried out in Southern Italy. A transparent biodegradable film and a transparent biodegradable spray coating were compared with a commercial transparent low density polyethylene film. The biodegradable film was a starch based extruded material, the sprayed coating was created from a polysaccharide solution. The materials were used to mulch the peat and perlite growing media contained in trays during snapdragon cultivation in order to increase the substrate temperature and hasten early growth. The climate variables inside and outside the greenhouse and the growing medium temperature under the mulching materials were recorded. Biometrical data, such as mean blooming time, plant height and spike length, were collected. The laboratory radiometric tests showed that the biodegradable mulching materials had a lower solar transmissivity in comparison to the low density polyethylene film. The capacity to reduce the long wave infrared thermal losses was higher for the biodegradable mulches: the long wave infrared transmissivity coefficient was 53.9% for the low density polyethylene film, 12.1% for the biodegradable film and 8.2% for the spray coating. The increase of the growing medium temperature allowed the harvest of the snapdragon grown in the mulched trays 7 days before that of the flowers grown in the un-mulched trays. At the end of the crop cycle the disposal of the biodegradable mulching materials was carried out fragmenting and mixing them with plant residue and the growing medium. The residue biodegraded in almost 1 month for the spray coating and in about 12 months for the biodegradable film.     

鱼油微囊化工艺及其特性研究

研究了鱼油微囊工艺及特性，采用喷雾干燥法进行鱼油微囊化研究。混合表面活性剂最适HLB值为7．5。乳液粘度影响乳液稳定性及喷雾干燥效果。固形物含量与乳液粘度有关。筛选出最适壁材是阿拉伯胶、鼓甲基纤维素、蛋白粉。微囊鱼油具有良好的稳定性。微囊工艺改善了鱼油的风味。     

非洲猪瘟背景下猪舍内微生物气溶胶的危害及其防控技术

非洲猪瘟疫情影响下,微生物气溶胶作为猪舍内细菌和病毒传播的主要途径被高度重视。文章通过猪舍内微生物气溶胶及其产生内毒素的危害、喷雾消毒技术、清粪工艺、通风和过滤系统、空气净化器这几个方面进行综述,旨在为猪舍内的生物安全提供参考。     

优质独本菊和多头菊规模化生产的研究

通过以独本菊和多头菊为研究对象,对其进行了育苗和栽培试验,研究结果表明:间歇式全光雾照扦插出的苗品质好,省时省事,B9和多效唑结合使用矮化效果好,且垄作的比平地的栽培效果好,有利于规模化生产。     

Effects of nozzle type and spray angle on spray deposition in ivy pot plants

BACKGROUND: Fewer plant protection products are now authorised for use in ornamental growings. Frequent spraying with the same product or a suboptimal technique can lead to resistance in pests and diseases. Better application techniques could improve the sustainable use of the plant protection products still available. Spray boom systems—instead of the still predominantly used spray guns—might improve crop protection management in greenhouses considerably. The effect of nozzle type, spray pressure and spray angle on spray deposition and coverage in ivy pot plants was studied, with a focus on crop penetration and spraying the bottom side of the leaves in this dense crop. RESULTS: The experiments showed a significant and important effect of collector position on deposition and coverage in the plant. Although spray deposition and coverage on the bottom side of the leaves are generally low, they could be improved 3.0–4.9‐fold using the appropriate application technique. CONCLUSIONS: When using a spray boom in a dense crop, the nozzle choice, spray pressure and spray angle should be well considered. The hollow‐cone, the air‐inclusion flat‐fan and the standard flat‐fan nozzle with an inclined spray angle performed best because of the effect of swirling droplets, droplets with a high momentum and droplet direction respectively. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

蔬菜真空预冷保鲜设备设计探讨

介绍了蔬菜真空预冷保鲜设备的工作原理、设备的系统组成及其运行,以及各组成系统设计的计算方法。