Optimization of Spray Drying Processing Technology of Mulberry Powder

With concentrated juice of mulberry as raw material, the influence of type and dosage of dry aid, the inlet air temperature, inlet flow rate, and rotating speed on spray drying was studied. The spray drying processing conditions of mulberry powder were optimized by the L9(34) orthogonal test on the basis of single factor experiment. The results showed that optimum technical parameters to produce mulberry powder were: β-cyclodextrin as dry aids with dosage of 30%, inlet air temperature of180 ℃, rotating speed of 18 000 r/min and inlet flow rate of 30 m L/min. The mulberry powder under this optimum process conditions had a loose structure and bright color, fruity flavor was rich, the anthocyanin content for 54.67 mg/g, moisture content for5.6% and sensory scores for 83.     

基于工作小臂的履带式林木采育机越障能力分析与研究

为了提高履带式林木采育机的林地越障能力,在履带式林木采育机的基础上加装越障工作小臂。基于D-H法建立采育机杆系的运动学模型,通过计算获得加装工作小臂条件下林木采育机的理论越障高度。在ADAMS环境下进行动态仿真,对各仿真相关的运动学参数进行分析,并将理论、仿真数据与实测采育机越障高度数据进行比较,验证林木采育机杆系运动学模型的正确性及其越障能力的提升程度。结果表明:在斗杆全收回状态,采育机整机抬升角度为13°,越障高度为693 mm;在斗杆全伸开状态,采育机整机提升角度为6.3°,越障高度为330 mm。加装越障工作小臂的履带式林木采育机能够满足林区越障要求,为实现和满足其上山入林作业,更有效地翻越障碍物提供了理论依据。      

Early pathogen detection under different water status and the assessment of spray application in vineyards through the use of thermal imagery

Remote detection using thermal imagery has potential for use in the pre-symptomatic diagnosis of abiotic stress or of early disease detection. The latter is an issue of great importance since late detection of fungus attacks or poor spray coverage are major factors contributing to weak disease control affecting fruit quality or reducing yield in grapes. In greenhouse experiments the effects on spatial and temporal variability of leaf temperature of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Riesling) leaves inoculated with a fungal pathogen (Plasmopara viticola (Berk. & Curt. Ex de Bary) were studied in either well-irrigated or non-irrigated potted plants. Due to the high sensitivity of leaf temperature to the amount of water transpired, infra-red thermography can be used to monitor irregularities in temperature at an early stage of pathogen development. Evidence for characteristic thermal responses in grapevines was apparent well before visible symptoms appeared. Contrasting thermal effects due to the pathogen attack were found between measurements on well-irrigated and water-stressed plants. Furthermore, from a technical point of view, thermal imagery has the potential to assess the evenness of spray coverage within a canopy, hence optimizing pesticide application efficiency.     

离体叶段喷雾法建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮的敏感基线及其监测技术

为建立小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮抗药性的离体叶段喷雾法监测标准,采用该方法测定了2013年采自河南、河北省部分麦区的101个小麦白粉病菌野生菌株对三唑酮的敏感性。结果表明,小麦白粉病菌群体对三唑酮敏感性的EC50范围为0.239 8~7.558 5μg·mL-1,平均为3.561 2±1.881 3μg·mL-1;其敏感性均呈连续单峰曲线分布,可作为喷雾防治时小麦白粉病菌对三唑酮杀菌剂的敏感性基线。     

Assessing the deposition and canopy penetration of nozzles with different spray qualities in an oat (Avena sativa L.) canopy

Consistent spray coverage that is evenly distributed throughout the canopy is necessary to control pest populations that can negatively affect yield. As applicators are switching to Coarser spray quality nozzles to reduce risk and liability of pesticide spray drift, concerns about efficacy loss are growing. Previous research has indicated that small droplets are the most effective at penetrating through crop canopies, but newer nozzle technologies have improved the effectiveness of larger droplet or Coarser sprays. Research was conducted to assess the canopy penetration of nozzles that produce Coarse, Very-Coarse and Extremely-Coarse spray qualities compared to nozzles that produce Fine and Medium spray qualities. Kromekote collectors were positioned in four configurations in an oat (Avena sativa L.) var. ‘Yarran’ (AusWest Seeds, Forbes, NSW, Australia) crop to quantify the coverage and droplet number densities (droplets cm⁻²) across three application carrier volume rates: 50, 75 and 100 L ha⁻¹. Applications were made in the field in 30 cm tall, tillering oats, with collectors arranged in a randomised complete block design with three replications. The entire study was repeated on the following day. Results showed that droplet number densities were inversely related to the droplet size produced by the nozzles, yet coverage was increased more by application volume rate than droplet size. Thus, both spray drift reduction and improved canopy penetration can be achieved with proper nozzle selection and operation parameters for the control of agronomic pests.     

辛硫磷35CS释放特性与施药方法对花生蛴螬防治效果的影响

[目的]明确辛硫磷35CS不同释放特性及施药方法对花生蛴螬防治效果的影响。[方法]分别于2009、2010年在代表安徽省南、北2个农业生态类型的蒙城、固镇和肥西县进行田间试验,研究了该药剂3种释放速度(快、中、慢释放速率)及2种施药方法(播种时喷穴或出苗后灌根)对花生蛴螬防治效果的影响。[结果]辛硫磷35CS 3种释放速率防治花生蛴螬效果表现为慢速释放>中速释放>快速释放;2种施药方法对防治花生蛴螬效果无影响。[结论]为辛硫磷35CS的推广应用及花生蛴螬的有效防治提供了借鉴。     

植保无人机施药技术研究进展

农用植保无人作业机是农业生产中防治病虫害的新兴植保装备之一。通过分析、总结近几年植保无人机在田间病虫害防治、智能调控、作业航路规划等方面的施药技术研究与应用,分析植保无人机作业模式与作业特点,明确了现阶段利用植保无人机进行病虫害防控的发展趋势,以期为植保无人机的推广应用提供参考。     

中港美盛有机水溶肥料在温室番茄上的应用效果探究

在温室番茄常规施肥基础上设置中港美盛有机水溶肥料喷肥3次、喷施同等量清水、空白共3个处理、3次重复试验后得出：在常规施肥的基础上,番茄结果期喷施中港美盛有机水溶肥料每亩每次100 mL稀释500倍液3次,能有效促进植株生长,处理1每667 m²每月较处理2、处理3分别增产624.3 kg、1 090 kg,增产22.01%和46.0%,且喷肥处理较常规施肥红果率增加12.96个百分点,成熟期提前2～3 d,增产增收效果显著。适宜在日光温室经济作物上大面积推广应用。     

远志保护地栽培技术研究

1999~2000年在山西省运城市对远志大拱棚栽培与露地栽培进行了比较试验。结果表明,大拱棚远志栽培方式明显延长当年有效生长期,远志鲜根和种子的产量均比露地方式显著增产1~2倍。大拱棚栽培方式是远志增产增收的一项好技术,宜向生产推广。     

PWM间歇式变量喷雾的雾化特性

采用频率在20Hz以内可调、占空比可调的方波信号驱动开关电磁阀,改变电磁阀门开通和关断的时间,实现了基于脉宽调制(PWM)技术的间歇式脉动变量喷雾.以农业喷施中常用的平口扇形喷嘴为例,从间歇式脉动变量喷雾的流量调节范围、雾量分布、喷雾角、雾滴粒径、雾滴速度及喷雾动态特性随流量的变化规律等方面,分析讨论了PWM间歇式脉动变量喷雾的雾化特性.研究结果是,流量调节范围为4.17;随流量的减小,雾量分布向中央集中的趋势很小,雾滴粒径稍增大,喷雾角、雾滴粒径随流量的变化率分别为0.0433(°)/%、0.616μm/%,影响程度很微小;随流量的减小,雾滴速度基本无变化,动能中值直径(KEMD)和比能(SE)随流量的变化率分别为-0.63μm/%、0.2451J/(kg·%),流量控制对喷雾动态特性的影响也较小.