大豆疫霉菌生物学性状的遗传与变异

大豆疫霉菌引起的大豆疫病是大豆上危害严重的毁灭性病害之一.采用经典遗传学方法研究大豆疫霉菌单孢后代的菌丝生长速率、菌落形态、产孢量以及同宗配合性状的遗传变异,以期为有效控制大豆疫病的发展和蔓延奠定基础.结果表明,菌落形态、生长速率和同宗配合性状在单孢后代可稳定遗传,控制上述性状的遗传因子是纯合的;大豆疫霉菌的游动孢子产生能力在单孢后代发生连续性变异,表明这种性状可能是数量遗传性状,也可能控制这种性状的基因为杂合基因或细胞质遗传因子.研究结果初步揭示了大豆疫霉的遗传特征、遗传多样性及多样性产生的遗传学基础.     

2016-2020年华北地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒分子流行病学调查

利用RT-PCR方法对2016-2020年华北地区692份疑似猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)临床样本进行检测,获得368份阳性样品,阳性率为53.18%,并对其进行了ORF5基因扩增和测序,开展遗传变异和分子流行病学分析。结果显示,共获得33条完整的ORF5基因序列,除了HB-XT株为600 bp,其余全长均为603 bp。ORF5基因遗传进化分析表明33株均为Ⅱ型,其中有9株分布在Lineage 8,24株分布在Lineage 1。33株之间的氨基酸序列同源性为80.1%～99.5%,与JX-A1株和NADC30株的同源性分别为81.1%～99.5%和85.6%～94.5%。氨基酸分析结果表明,33株均在诱骗表位和中和表位发现了突变;在33株中共发现7个N-糖基化位点,其中包括相对保守的N44和N51位点,以及主要位于抗原表位的N30,N32,N33,N34和N35位点。结果表明,2016-2020年华北地区HP-PRRSV毒株逐渐被类NADC30毒株所取代,成为优势毒株,且ORF5基因变异差异较大,使PRRSV流行变得更加复杂。因此,本研究对PRRS分子流行病学以及疫苗的选择和防控...     

近54 a中国西北地区气温和降水的时空变化特征

利用中国西北地区1961—2014年191个台站的逐月气温和降水资料,通过线性倾向估计、滑动平均、累积距平、IDW（反距离空间插值）等方法,研究了西北地区气温和降水的时空变化特征。结果表明：近54 a西北地区平均气温呈波动上升趋势,其中冬季的增温速率最大,极端最高、最低气温均呈上升趋势。降水量也呈上升趋势,尤其是近几年上升速度较快。降水主要集中在夏季,进入21世纪后冬季降水增加。多年平均气温较高区域集中在南疆地区、祁连山东南部,其中升温较明显区域集中在准噶尔盆地和天山地区西南部分地区。降水量表现出东多西少的特征,降水量较多区域集中在祁连山东南部,降水量较少区域集中在南疆地区,其中降水增加较明显区域集中在北疆地区、塔里木盆地的西部地区。从西北地区近54 a气温和降水的时空变化可以看出,西北地区有向暖湿转变的趋势。     

Diurnal variations in hypothalamic monoamine levels in the teleostChanna punctatus (bloch) in response to melatonin under two photothermal conditions

Hypothalamic dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels exhibited marked day-night variations under ambient photoperiod and temperature (12L12D; 17±1°C) with peak values at mid-light phase. The 16L8D; 22±1°C treatment reversed the diurnal rhythm of 5-HT, but not that of DA and NA. However, there was an overall increase in the levels of the catecholamines on exposure to the long photoperiod and high temperature. The administration of melatonin in the fish held on 16L8D; 22±1°C regime restored the 5-HT rhythm to that of the 12L12D; 17±1°C control group, but with elevated mid-photophase value. However, there was no effect of the indole treatment on the 5-HT rhythm under the 12L12D; 17±1°C regime. Melatonin causes a significant reduction of NA level in both the groups, while DA level did not change in either group.     

基于多样性生态圈建设的宝鸡城市森林规划

文章以宝鸡市为例,在广泛深入分析其自然、社会、经济环境特点的基础上,根据国内外城市森林建设的理论和实践经验,阐述了宝鸡多样性生态圈建设的思路;通过对其林业建设存在问题和建设潜力的具体分析,从城市森林规划实证性与规范性兼顾原则出发,提出了"一轴、两山、三网、多点"规划布局。       

亚洲璃眼蜱差异表达新基因P18的克隆和鉴定

为了进行抗蜱和蜱传病疫苗的研究,本实验对亚洲璃眼蜱雌蜱吸血前后唾液腺消减文库中获取的一个全长编码基因P18进行了研究。该基因全长519bp,共编码170个氨基酸,分子量为18.36Ku,等电点为4.28。BLAST分析表明,该基因预测的氨基酸与肩突硬蜱、篦子硬蜱唾液腺的抗凝血小肽有30%～40%低度同源性。将该基因亚克隆到pET-32a( )表达载体,转化BL21(DE3)宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,重组融合蛋白以可溶性形式高效表达。将可溶性重组蛋白免疫小鼠后获得的抗血清。经免疫印迹分析表明,该重组蛋白抗体可特异性的识别半饱雌蜱唾液腺中的天然蛋白抗原,而未吸血雌蜱唾液腺中则不显现特异条带。RT-PCR结果进一步证实,该基因在蜱吸血后的唾液腺中差异表达。     

Somaclonal variation and improvement in chilling tolerance in rice: changes in chilling-induced electrolyte leakage

Excised leaves of four rice varieties, ‘Facagro 57’, ‘Facagro 76’, ‘Kirundo 3’, ‘Kirundo 9’, were chilled for six days at 10/5°C day/night, along with 11 somaclonal families arising from three of these varieties, which had been selected over four generations for improved chilling tolerance. At the end of the chilling treatment, electrolyte leakage from leaf pieces was followed for 12 h and compared with an unchilled control. With unchilled leaves, no varietal differences nor a rise in leakage over time were observed. Chilling induced higher leakages in all varieties, except in ‘Kirundo 3’ at the time of first measurement, and a continuous rise over time was found in all varieties. Varietal differences were detected, ‘Kirundo 3’ being the least affected, followed by ‘Kirundo 9’ and ‘Facagro 76’, and finally ‘Facagro 57’, which coincides with their ranking for chilling tolerance established through chilling survival tests. The leakages were generally lower in the somaclonal families than in the variety they originated from in ‘Kirundo 9’ and ‘Facagro 76’, while the opposite was observed in ‘Kirundo 3’. The significance and usefulness of electrolyte leakage measurement for chilling tolerance screening, and the potentials of somaclonal variation for chilling tolerance improvement are discussed.     

Application of RAPD markers in the characterisation of Chrysanthemum varieties and the assessment of somaclonal variation

Characterisation of fifteen commercial varieties of Chrysanthemum was carried out through RAPD analysis. Varieties could be distinguished from each other and the level of similarity between varieties seemed to be not very high. In vitro cultures were establish from four varieties and were subjected to different proliferation conditions. Five individuals from each variety and treatment were analysed using RAPD at the beginning of the treatment and after a month of culture. Variation was detected at both stages of the culture period. The rate of variation found showed differences between varieties, but no significant difference was found between culture conditions. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

鲁中山区小流域坡面土壤侵蚀产流、产沙及侵蚀方式变化过程的研究

采用模拟降雨的方法对鲁中山区坡面土壤降雨条件下产流、产沙和侵蚀方式的演变过程进行了研究,结果表明:产流量都是随时间递增最终达到稳定产流,但是各次降雨达到稳定产流的时间均随降雨强度和坡度的增大而递减。相同坡度条件下120mmh-1雨强产流较60mmh-1雨强先到稳态,而相同雨强条件下10°坡面则较5°坡面先达到稳态。产沙量呈递增趋势且逐渐达到稳定产沙,达到稳定产沙的时间随雨强和坡度的增大而递减。相同坡度条件下120mmh-1雨强处理较60mmh-1雨强处理先达到稳态,相同雨强条件下10°坡面比5°坡面产沙过程先达到稳定产沙状态;在降雨过程中坡面首先产生面蚀,后出现细沟侵蚀;面蚀率随降雨历时延长有减小趋势,但变幅较小,细沟侵蚀率随降雨时间先急剧增加后保持稳定。     

Rooting Success of Cuttings from Young Picea abies in Transition to Flowering Competent Phase

Abstract

Abundant flowering occurred in a central Swedish trial with 10-yr-old Picea abies L. (Karst.) cuttings, taken on 4-yr-old seedlings. Large deviations in cone-set between clones were assumed to reflect different stages in transition from juvenile to flowering competent phase. Rooting success and first-yr growth performance (leader length, leader origin and plagiotropic growth) were studied on cuttings originating from the upper and lower parts of the crown in 15 clones with heavy cone-set and 15 clones without cones. Twigs from the lower part of the crown had a significantly higher rooting percentage. Cone-set did not have an effect on any of the variables analysed. The results suggest that flowering ability and rooting capacity are independent age-related processes, implying that selection for high rooting capacity in clonal forestry does not reduce flowering competence. The results will have a great impact on breeding of P. abies, since both early flowering and high rooting ability are important traits for reducing the turnover time of the breeding cycle.