进一步加强西藏自治区的小水电建设

在整理和分析西藏自治区40年小水电建设资料的基础上,着重总结了小水电建设和管理中存在的主要问题,并就今后如何搞好西藏的小水电建设提出了建议。     

径流式水电站年来水量的变化特点及其灰色预测

通过对径流式水电站年来水量的变化特点及其预测问题的分析，建立了径流式水电站来水量预测的灰色数学模型，并就预测中样本序列的拓扑选择、预测的目标等问题提出了相应的策略。最后结合一个实例说明了本 方法的应用。结果表明，本文的方法及分析思路，对径流式水电站年来水量的预测具有较好的应用效果和参考价值。     

澜沧江中上游及元江水电开发水足迹分析

为定量评估澜沧江中上游及元江水电开发对水资源的消耗并判断其影响因素,同时与全流域对比澜沧江中上游水电开发水资源消耗水平,以澜沧江中上游和元江两个不同水热、地形条件的干流水库为研究对象,采用总蒸发水量法计算水电站水足迹.结果表明:元江干流的2座水电站水足迹平均值为3.19 m3/GJ,澜沧江4座水电站平均值为0.51 m...     

抽水蓄能机组低水头起动过渡过程压力脉动分析

抽蓄机组在低水头起动时易进入其全特性曲线的反S不稳定区,从而导致机组并网失败,严重影响机组的安全稳定运行。其中机组内部复杂流动演变导致的剧烈压力脉动是影响机组动态特性的关键。该研究基于计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）数值模拟方法对水泵水轮机低水头起动过程进行研究,重点分析了导叶与尾水管区域的压力脉动特性及产生原因。结果表明：机组起动过程中,无叶区时均压力幅值是固定导叶与活动导叶间的6倍,且时均压力幅值在无叶区沿周向分布不均。动静干涉主导了无叶区时均压力和脉动压力的变化,而在上游固定导叶与活动导叶间的动静干涉作用主要影响的是压力脉动幅值。尾水管直锥段压力脉动在机组起动过程不同阶段表现出不同的波动特征,PID(proportion integration differentiation)调节阶段压力波动较为明显。通过内部流动对比发现,活动导叶开启会引起无叶区水流速度的分布变化和波动,活动导叶小开度下转轮进口和无叶区存在明显的大尺度旋涡,这些和动静干涉联合作用是导致无叶区时均压力和脉动压力波动幅值高的原因。尾水管涡带在起动过程经历了从边条状涡...     

不同尺寸蒸渗仪测定作物蒸散的田间试验研究

称重式蒸渗仪测定作物蒸散量（ET）是公认的一种标准测定方法。大型称重式蒸渗仪因单点独立安装而无法进行不同处理的重复试验,小型蒸渗仪则可解决该问题,但目前对于小尺寸蒸渗仪的适用性尚无统一结论。本文利用1m2（SL）、2m2（ML）和4m2（LL）3种不同面积的蒸渗仪在冬小麦（2012年11月21日播种,2013年6月20日收获）和水稻（2013年6月22日移栽,2013年10月28日收获）整个生长季进行连续蒸散量观测,筛选无有效降水日的数据进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）在冬小麦和水稻生长季内,SL（小）蒸渗仪所测蒸散量日内变化均表现出较大的变化幅度,ML（中）蒸渗仪所测蒸散量日内变化趋势均与LL（大）蒸渗仪所测一致,日内变化比较平稳;（2）ML蒸渗仪所测日蒸散量与LL所测结果的相关性最好（P<0.01）;（3）SL蒸渗仪所测水稻日平均蒸散量和蒸散总量与LL接近,所以可将SL蒸渗仪替代LL测定水稻日平均蒸散量和蒸散总量;ML所测冬小麦和水稻的日平均蒸散量及蒸散总量均比LL明显偏小,蒸散总量偏小主要由于拔节后较大的日蒸散量偏差导致。     

长江上游梯级电站开发区泥石流的治理工程效果评估与减灾策略——以金沙江白鹤滩水电站为例

[目的]评估灾害性泥石流严重的长江上游梯级电站开发区泥石流灾害治理工程效果,为长江上游同类水电站的泥石流防灾减灾与治理效果评估研究提供思路。[方法]选择金沙江白鹤滩水电站施工区的矮子沟和大寨沟泥石流治理工程为案例,通过2013—2015年连续3a的现场跟踪调查分析,结合模型计算对矮子沟和大寨沟泥石流峰值流量过程进行计算,分别评估2014和2015年矮子沟、大寨沟泥石流治理工程效果,并进行泥石流危险性评价。[结果]基于长江上游梯级电站开发区泥石流灾害特点,提出了长江上游梯级电站开发区泥石流治理工程效果评估模式,并提出了基于风险控制的水电工程泥石流"以排为主,适当拦挡"治理模式与减灾策略。[结论]矮子沟、大寨沟现有的泥石流防治措施在满库的状态下能够满足500年一遇泥石流过流的要求,泥石流危险性小。     

不同利用方式红壤磷素有效性的深度变化——以江西省余江县孙家小流域为例

在江西省鹰潭市余江县孙家红壤小流域的典型红壤区随机选取了具有代表性的林地(F)、花生旱地(PU)、新稻田(NP,<30 a)和老稻田(OP,> 200 a),在0~40 cm深度每隔5 cm采集分层土样,分析了土壤全磷(TP)、有效磷(Bray P)、磷素活化系数(PAC)及有机磷(Po)、无机磷(Pi)与各组分磷的深度变化,探讨了土壤pH与土壤有机质(SOM)对红壤磷素有效性的影响。研究结果表明:孙家小流域不同利用方式红壤TP含量大小依次为:老稻田>新稻田>林地>花生旱地;除林地外,花生旱地与稻田土壤TP、Bray P、Pi和Po含量随着土壤深度的增加呈显著降低趋势,且稻田土壤Po含量及其占全磷的比例显著高于林地和花生旱地。花生旱地与稻田0~20 cm土壤中极有效磷(EAP)、中等有效磷(MAP)及EAP、MAP中的无机磷与有机磷的比值均显著高于林地土壤。林地转为旱地和稻田,尤其是长期植稻可以促进土壤非有效磷(NAP)向利于作物吸收的EAP与MAP转化,因而提高土壤磷素有效性。相关分析表明,随着SOM累积量的增加,四种利用方式红壤中EAP、MAP含量均显著提高。     

青海高原区域水电密集开发对河流区段生态影响分析

青海处在青藏高原生态脆弱地区,水电工程建设对河流区段生态因子,如地质、水文气候、生物、人文地理环境等产生影响。黄河干流已建、在建和规划建设的水电站共３１座,总装机１９７０．３５万ＫＷ,比理论蕴藏值扩大３０４．３５万ＫＷ。从河流水能蕴藏量、电站规模、河流原生态的优劣区别、流域区系和生态承受力、开发区段局部影响力等方面分析,青海部分河流水电建设的密集度排序为：隆务河＞大通河＞黑河＞湟水河＞格尔木河＞黄河;对河流生态影响的综合程度评价排序为：隆务河＞大通河＞黄河＞湟水河＞黑河＞格尔木河。依青海部分河流 的水电密集开发建设现状,分析评价由此对河流区段局部生态造成的影响程度,并提出对策。     

Effects of CENP-W down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells

AIM: To study the effect of centromere protein W (CENP-W) down-regulation on human glioma U87 cells.METHODS: Small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to inhibit the expression of CENP-W in the U87 cells. The interference effect of siRNA was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western blot. The proliferation of the cells was analyzed by MTT assay, BrdU staining and colony formation experiment. Transwell chamber assay was used to detect the invasion ability of the cells. The cell migration ability was measured by a scratch test. The changes of the cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry.RESULTS: The results of MTT assay, colony formation experiment and BrdU staining showed that the cell proliferation and colony formation abilities in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group and negative control group. The results of Transwell and scratch experiments showed that the migration and invasion abilities in experimental group were weaker than those in blank control group and negative control group. The results of flow cytometry analysis showed that the cell cycle distribution in experimental group was arrested in G₀/G₁ phase. The percentage of apoptotic cells in experimental group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of CENP-W expression inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of human glioma cells and promotes the apoptosis of the cells, suggesting that CENP-W may be a potential target of gene therapy for human glioma.     

Screening of lentiviral vectors carrying effective siRNA targeting S1P2 gene

AIM:To screen the lentiviral vector carrying siRNA with higher efficiency of suppressing the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2(S1P2) gene expression in the primarily cultured corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).METHODS:SHR and SD rats (n=5 each) were used for primarily culturing corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells.The cells were randomly divided into 6 groups:SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3,SHR GFP,SHR control (SHR non-transfection group),and SD control (SD rat control group).Each group had 5 samples with 1.0×10⁵ cells of each sample.At 72 h after transfection (MOI=60) with lentiviral vectors carrying S1P2 siRNA into the SHR corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,the expression of GFP was observed under fluorescence microscope.The protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1,ROCK2 and eNOS in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells,and the mRNA expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 were determined by by Western blot and RT-PCR.RESULTS:The transfection efficiency of the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were>80%.Compared with SHR control group,the mRNA levels and the protein expression of S1P2,ROCK1 and ROCK2 in SHR GFP group showed no remarkable changes,while those in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SD control groups were significantly lower than those in SHR control group (P<0.05).The protein expression of eNOS in SHR siRNA-1,SHR siRNA-2,SHR siRNA-3 and SHR GFP groups were not significantly changed as compared with SHR control group,but that in SD control group was significantly higher than that in SHR control group.CONCLUSION:Three groups of siRNA lentiviral vectors targeting S1P2 inhibit the expression of S1P2 in the corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells of SHR,and by silencing the S1P2 expression,the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 is inhibited.Among them,siRNA-1 has the highest inhibitory efficiency.