虚拟间作植物根系竞争生长的可视化系统研究

基于模拟根系形态结构的Simroot系统的几何建模理论,结合计算机图形学方法建立了虚拟间作植物根系竞争生长过程的三维可视化模拟系统。将间作大豆—玉米根系的生长参数输入模拟系统中进行模拟。结果表明,该系统能够形象逼真地显现间作植物根系竞争生长过程中的形态结构和生物特性。     

农村受众的新闻媒介接触行为研究——基于MATLAB模拟方法

城镇化趋势下,农村受众利用媒介接触获取新闻呈多元化趋势。每个农村受众都是具有自智能性自决策性主体,其农村受众的媒介接触行为与自身内部属性存在联系。内部属性信息的异质化程度决定农村受众的媒介接触行为。该研究根据在云南省晋宁县的入户调查数据,提取农村受众的媒介接触行为与自身内部属性信息,基于MATLAB平台,通过模拟手段简化调查手段,生成模拟农村受众的媒介接触行为信息,通过回归分析得出,农村受众的媒介接触行为与自身内部属性相关,按影响程度大小依次为农业收入比例、年龄、耕地数量、家庭外出务工人数、信息需求度、受教育程度。     

基于矢量图形的根系构型参数的人机交互系统设计研究

针对植物根系模拟仿真软件在人机交互方面所存在的缺陷,设计出通过二维图形交互式的解决方案。通过对植物根系拓扑构形的分析与计算机图形学的结合,以二维矢量图的形式设计根系拓扑构型的计算机表达机制,并以此为基础构建参数交互机制。根系参数通过综合数据模型统筹起来传递至模拟仿真系统及数据库,这使得根系参数的构建更为直观,调用已有根系模型更方便。     

高职模拟电子技术课程教学改革与思考

模拟电子技术是应用电子技术、机电技术、自动化仪表、计算机技术等专业的一门基础课程,根据高等职业教育的培养目标,本文试着阐述模拟电子技术课程的改革方法与实施手段。     

水稻模拟模型研究与发展趋势

介绍了水稻模拟模型的主要功能与特征,综述了主要水稻模拟模型及其特点,分析了现有模拟模型的发展趋势,提出了水稻模拟模型研究存在的不足,并展望了今后的研究方向及应用前景。     

Wood Production Potentials of Fenno-Scandinavian Forests Under Nature-Orientated Management

In Finland, Norway and Sweden forest management is presently changing towards a more nature-orientated management. In this study the European Forest Information SCENario (EFISCEN) model was applied to determine how this change might affect the potential for wood production in the three countries. Three different management regimes, traditional, traditional with nature conservation (''conservation''), and longer rotations with nature conservation (''conservation +''), were combined with two alternative felling levels. The results show that conserving 6.1-8.8% of the older forests in the southern regions had no limiting effects on production levels, as foreseen by the European Timber Trend Studies V by the UN-ECE for Finland and Sweden. Under the conservation + scenario, maximum sustainable felling levels decreased to 84, 79 and 72% of the present levels in Finland, Norway and Sweden, respectively. Increasing the rotation length put more pressure on the older age classes and thus did not increase the average age of the forest. If the consumption of wood increases as quickly as indicated by other studies, it will be hard to fulfil that demand and at the same time conserve considerable areas of forest in the southern regions of the countries.     

Introducing spatial grazing impacts into the prediction of moorland vegetation dynamics

Grazing by large herbivores is a major determinant of vegetation dynamics in many semi-natural ecosystems, including the replacement of heather moorland by rough grassland in the British uplands. Herbivore foraging is influenced by vegetation patterns and, in turn, their grazing drives vegetation dynamics. Although vegetation impacts are local, spatially heterogeneous local impacts can have different consequences as would the same impacts distributed uniformly. We constructed a simulation model of the spatial effects of grazing by sheep on the vegetation dynamics of heather moorland, a vegetation community of international conservation importance in the UK. The model comprised three sub-models to predict (1) annual average heather utilisation, (2) spatial variation in heather utilisation (higher near the edge of grass patches) and (3) competition between heather and grass. Here we compare the predicted heather utilisation and vegetation dynamics of the spatial model, relative to those of a non-spatial model. The spatial model resulted in a reduced loss of heather cover for a given sheep stocking rate. The model demonstrates how spatial interactions between large herbivores and their forage drive vegetation dynamics, leading to changes in community structure and composition. Indeed, omitting spatial effects in grazing models may lead to inaccurate predictions. We have shown that ecosystem modelling, based around an iterative dialogue between developers and experienced researchers, has the potential to make a substantial contribution towards the conservation and management of vulnerable landscapes. Combining modelling with experimental studies will facilitate progress towards understanding long-term vegetation/herbivore dynamics.     

Spatial and stochastic simulation to evaluate the impact of events and control measures on the 1997-1998 classical swine fever epidemic in The Netherlands. II. Comparison of control strategies

Using the spatial, temporal and stochastic simulation model InterCSF, several alternative pre-emptive slaughter strategies that could have been applied in the Dutch Classical Swine Fever (CSF) epidemic of 1997–1998 were evaluated. Furthermore, effects of changes in some disease-spread and disease-control parameters were studied. InterCSF simulates the spread of CSF between farms through local spread and contacts (animals, transport and persons). Disease spread is affected by control measures implemented through different mechanisms (e.g. depopulation of infected farms, pre-emptive slaughter, movement control). The starting point for the evaluation of strategies was a simulated basic scenario, which mimicked the real epidemic. Strategies were compared using epidemiological as well as economic results. Economic results were generated by a separate model (EpiLoss) that calculated the direct losses and consequential losses for farmers and related industries. The comparison of the different alternatives to the basic scenario led to some general conclusions on the Dutch CSF-epidemic. Pre-emptive slaughter seemed to be an effective strategy to reduce the size of an epidemic, if started at an early stage. Economically, pre-emptive slaughter was not as expensive as expected; the resulting smaller size of the epidemic, combined with less welfare slaughter, led to much lower overall losses. Furthermore, although large movement control areas seemed effective in reducing the size of the epidemic, the total losses were relatively high because of subsequent welfare slaughter. If infection probabilities could be reduced, for example by improved biosecurity, the resulting epidemics would be much smaller.     

Simulation model of within-herd transmission of bovine tuberculosis in Argentine dairy herds

Transmission of bovine tuberculosis was quantified in three dairy herds located in south Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Using estimates of Mycobacterium bovis transmission (β) and a Reed–Frost simulation model, the prevalence of tuberculosis infection in the study herds over time was investigated. The Reed–Frost model was modified by incorporating randomness in both β and the incubation period () of M. bovis. The mean estimated herd β was 2.2 infective contacts per year and did not differ significantly between the study herds. Modeling as Poisson distributed (mean 24 months) best fit the observed prevalences. Infection was predicted by the model either to spread quickly (<10 years) within a herd and reach a high prevalence (>50%), or to persist at a low prevalence (<5–10%). The model was robust, predictions were realistic and the mean β estimated was consistent with previous studies of bovine tuberculosis.