水土保持行政处罚工作刍议

针对《行政处罚法》颁布实施前后,水行政主管部门应如何根据自身实践做好相关的各项工作,提出了个人见解,以规范水土保持行政处罚行为,力求在水土保持行政执法中做到有理、有据、合法、避免执法违法现象存在,确保水土保持行政执法不断深入。     

Vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) in the Atlantic and eastern Pacific,derived from pop‐up satellite archival tag data

Vertical habitat use of sailfish (Istiophorus platypterus) was evaluated using pop‐up satellite archival tag data from the eastern tropical Atlantic, western North Atlantic, and eastern tropical Pacific. Data included Argos transmitted depth, temperature, and light level frequency histograms binned at 1–8‐h intervals, and four recovered pop‐up satellite archival tags that provided high resolution archival data recorded at 30‐s intervals. We tabulated the proportions of time spent within each degree of water temperature relative to the surface temperature (Delta T) and proportions of time at temperature, as these are major input variables for habitat standardization models used in stock assessment procedures. Frequency distributions were calculated for daylight, darkness, and twilight for each of the three regions and for all regions combined. Vertical habitat envelopes indicated greater use of deeper strata in the western North Atlantic, compared to the hypoxia‐based habitat compressed regions of the eastern Atlantic and Pacific. However, there were no significant differences in Delta T distributions when comparing the three regions, affirming this metric for its application in habitat standardization models.     

Designing satellite tagging studies: estimating and optimizing data recovery

Satellite telemetry is used routinely to collect and transmit movement, behaviour and environmental data from free‐ranging animals. Satellite tags (hereafter SATs) are essential for collecting in situ data from animals where manual retrieval of a data logger is impossible. The collected data is fundamental for scientific and many management applications. However, the amount of data a SAT can transmit is limited by its battery life, transmission opportunities, bandwidth and satellite coverage. When designing a SAT study, these factors should be taken into account to ensure that limited transmissions are utilized as effectively as possible. In this paper we present a theoretical discussion of the factors that influence the data transmission and present tools for designing effective SAT studies. We calculate the optimal sampling period for the tag given its expected lifetime and regional variation in satellite coverage. Taking these factors into account allows prediction of the expected number of tags required to meet targets for a deployment. These methods are applied to a case study of a highly migratory pelagic fish tagged with popup archival satellite tags (PSATs). Our findings will be useful for SAT study design in general and demonstrate an approach which can reduce the ad hoc nature of SAT deployments.     

旋转导向管新型喷动床空气动力学特性研究

为放大常规喷动床,提出了“旋转导向管喷动床”新概念,设计并安装了两种旋转导向管喷动床。以小麦为原料,测定了旋转导向管新型喷动床的空气动力学特性,包括不同导向管在相同导喷距下风速与床层压降关系、导喷距对风速与床层压降关系的影响和旋转导向管喷动床的循环量等性能。研究结果表明：采用旋转导向管后物料可洒布在整个床层截面上,因此可放大喷动床的直径;在喷动发生后,旋转导向管新型喷动床的床层压降与普通导向管喷动床的床层压降差异较小;导喷距影响最大床层压降,采用调节导向管安装高度的方法,可不考虑最大喷动压强,而根据正常喷动时的压降选用风机。     

抗旱造林新技术在甜柿建园中的应用

在甜柿建园中,通过ABT生根粉,SAP高效抗旱保水剂和地膜覆盖技术的应用．可显著提高造林成活率和苗木生长量。通过试验研究．总结出组装配套技术．造林成活率达到98％以上．值得大力推广。     

农业行政执法与刑事司法衔接的难点与建议

本文分析了当前农业行政执法与刑事司法衔接工作中存在的难点,并提出了针对性的对策建议。     

弹齿滚筒式捡拾器捡拾油菜试验研究

为了降低油菜分段收获作业中捡拾损失率,将弹齿滚筒式捡拾装置安装于室内土槽台车上,模拟田间作业环境设计制作了弹齿滚筒式油菜捡拾试验台,进行了台架试验和响应面分析。得到捡拾辊转速、机具前进速度和弹齿伸入留茬深度三因素对捡拾损失率影响的回归方程的数学模型;确定了三因素中按影响捡拾损失的因素显著性顺序从大到小为：捡拾装置转速、机具前进速度、弹齿伸入留茬深度。当捡拾辊转速为90 r/min,机具前进速度为0.7 m/s,弹齿伸入留茬深度为250 mm时,捡拾性能指标达到最优。     

玉米苗期收膜机结构设计与试验

为解决玉米苗期收膜机卸膜工序复杂、困难的问题,设计出一种新型既捡拾又卸膜的机构,建立了玉米苗期收膜机的三维模型,并应用ADAMS软件进行虚拟样机的仿真,得到该机构的相对和绝对运动轨迹。对苗期地膜进行地膜力学特性试验,测出地膜的撕断力FΔ和延伸率δ,并通过对捡膜齿出土过程的力学分析找出捡膜齿对残膜水平作用力F与残膜捡拾滚筒最大角速度ω之间的关系。同时,以玉米苗期残膜捡拾机为研究对象,设计了玉米苗期残膜捡拾卸膜机构,选取机具的前进速度、入土角度、入土深度为影响因素,以地膜收净率和伤苗率为试验指标进行土槽模拟试验。结果表明:该机设计简单、合理,收膜效率高,能够满足预期的设计要求。     

加快稻谷烘干机械化的发展探讨

搞近几年来,水稻生产全程机械化发展很快,而稻谷烘干机械化是水稻生产全程机械化的重要环节之一,但发展缓慢。文章分析了稻谷烘干机械化发展中存在的实际问题,叙述了稻谷烘干机械化的重要作用和有利因素,以及农民用户需求情况,提出了稻谷烘干机械发展的建设和措施。