春见桔橙耐贮性及理化性状变化研究

为了确定春见橘橙的最佳销售时期,提高经济效益,将春见橘橙[(Citrus reticulata×C. sinensis)cv.Okitsu No. 44]果实采收后常温贮藏135天,对储藏期的果实单果重、果皮厚度、果汁率,可溶性固形物、酸含量、固酸比、糖酸比,腐果率、果实病害类型等变化规律进行研究.结果表明:春见橘橙贮藏性能较好;糖含量在贮藏75天内呈上升趋势,75天后开始缓慢下降;贮藏90天后单果重较显著下降;可食率和果汁率在贮藏90天内呈上升趋势,随后逐渐呈下降趋势;贮藏期间腐果率呈幂函数变化;青绿霉病是引起果实腐烂的主要病害.贮藏前期(45天)含酸量的大幅降低是导致糖酸比值和固酸比值升高、品质提升的最主要原因;贮藏45天后是较为适宜的食用时期;春见橘橙在采收时并未进入真正的成熟期,翌年1月中旬真正成熟.     

一类时滞系统的解半群的范数连续性

讨论了时滞线性系统的解半群的范数连续性,其方法是:在一个特定的相空间中,把时滞系统转化为无时滞的抽象柯西问题,再运用半群理论解决解半群的范数连续性.     

PT 2262和MICRF 001和87 C 196 KC 组成的编译码系统设计

详细论述了将PT2262和MICRF001和87C196KC组成的编译码系统用于机动车防盗器中时的系统软硬件设计方法及系统的抗干扰措施。路载试验表明：系统运行稳定,可靠性好,抗干扰能力强,保密性好,功能识则准确无误。     

一种简易的花房温湿度无线自动监控系统

花房内的温湿度变化直接影响到花卉的健壮生长,以C8051F330为核心设计一款简易的花房温湿度无线自动监控系统,可对花房内的温湿度进行实时自动监控,当花房内温湿度指标超过设定值时,系统发出声光报警。该系统温度测量范围为-55~125℃,精度为±4℃;相对湿度测量范围为10%~90%,精度为±5%。经测试,系统运行稳定,...     

不同C:N条件下一株溶藻弧菌对不同种类氮源的吸收特性

在不同C:N(5、10、15、20)条件下研究了一株溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)Z5对单一氮源(有机氮源、NH₄-N、NO₂-N)及混合氮源(有机氮源与NH₄-N、有机氮源与NO₂-N、NH₄-N与NO₂-N)的吸收利用特性及蛋白酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和亚硝酸还原酶(NiR)等3种氮代谢相关酶的活力响应。研究结果表明, 溶藻弧菌Z5对有机氮与无机氮的吸收均受到环境中碳含量的影响, 在C:N=20时, 对NH₄-N和NO₂-N的吸收率分别是C:N=5时吸收率的3.39倍和2.25倍。在C:N=15和C:N=20的水平下, 溶藻弧菌Z5对NH₄-N和NO₂-N的吸收均没有显著性差异(P>0.05)。溶藻弧菌(Z5)吸收利用NH₄-N和NO₂-N的途径分别为NH₄-N→细菌菌体蛋白和NO₂-N→NH₄-N→细菌菌体蛋白。在高C:N条件下, 溶藻弧菌Z5对无机氮源(NH₄-N和NO₂-N)的吸收增强, 细菌菌体蛋白中来自NH₄-N和NO₂-N的量分别由C:N=5时的25.0%和19.4%上升到C:N=20时的41.3%和43.0%。GS酶活力受NH₄-N调控明显, 相比之下, 蛋白酶和NiR酶受氮源种类调控不明显。

     

Non‐permissive C6/36 cell culture for the Australian isolate of Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus

Macrobrachium rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) that causes white tail disease (WTD) is an emerging disease that contributes to serious production losses in Macrobrachium hatcheries worldwide. Mosquito cell lines (C6/36) have been reported to support the growth of MrNV and used to observe the cytopathic effects (CPE) in infected cells. This study determined the susceptibility of C6/36 mosquito cells to the Australian isolate of MrNV in order to use fewer animals in further investigations. Different staining methods were used to observe MrNV viral activity in C6/36 cells. Typical cytopathic effects such as vacuolation and viral inclusion bodies were observed in infected C6/36 cells with H&E and Giemsa staining. With acridine orange, it was easier to detect presumptive MrNV messenger ribonucleic acid in the infected cells. Using neutral red staining to measure mitochondrial activity showed light absorption of infected cells maximized at day 4 (O.D. = 0.6) but was significantly lower (chi‐square = 41.265, df = 1, P < 0.05) than control groups (O.D. = 2) which maximized at day 12. Using trypan blue staining to count the number of cells with disrupted cell membranes, the maximum number of presumptively dead cells at day 8 (4 × 10⁵ cells) in infected treatments was higher than the control treatment at day 10 (1.8 × 10⁵ cells). However, TaqMan real‐time PCR did not confirm the replication of MrNV in the cells over 14 days. The mean viral copies and mean cycle times of positive samples were stable at 2.07 × 10⁴ and 24.12, respectively. Limited evidence of viral replication was observed during four serial passages. This study determined the mortality of the C6/36 cell line to the Australian isolate of MrNV but suggests limited patent replication was occurring. Trying different cell lines or adapting the virus to the C6/36 cells may be necessary to successfully replicate Australian MrNV in cell lines.     

Effects of dietary vitamin C on growth,flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus

To investigate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth, flesh quality and antioxidant capacity of juvenile golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus, a 56‐day feeding trial with five graded levels of dietary VC (D1: 11.69, D2: 34.89, D3: 59.10, D4: 114.26 and D5: 227.93 mg VC per kg of diet) was performed on 375 fish (triplicate groups of 25 fish per diet, initial weight 13.57 ± 0.09 g). Results showed that fish of D3 group exhibited the maximum specific growth rate (SGR) and the highest liver enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐PX), which were consistent with the expression levels of cat and gsh‐px. Besides, the D3 group also showed higher contents of protein and lipid, and lower cooking loss, drip loss and malondialdehyde content in muscle than D1 group. The docosahexaenoic acid proportion in muscle increased with increasing dietary VC levels. Furthermore, the lowest expression levels of carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (cpt1) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα) were detected in livers of D3 group. The optimum dietary VC level was 49.73 mg/kg from the broken‐line analysis based on the SGR, in which better growth performance, antioxidative ability and flesh quality were observed in T. ovatus juveniles.     

维生素C对青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响

以初始体质量为(7.27 ±0.40)g的青鱼为研究对象,采用维生素C(VC)含量分别为0(对照组)、16.3、33.9、69.1、137.8和277.5 mg/kg 6种等氮等能实验饲料,饲养青鱼8周后,选取0、69.1和277.5 mg/kg VC组进行24 h氨氮胁迫(20 mg/L),研究VC对青鱼幼鱼生长、免疫及抗氨氮胁迫能力的影响.结果显示:以特定生长率为指标,折线模型分析表明青鱼有效维生素C需要量为63.0 mg/kg.肌肉、肝脏和血清中VC积累量与饲料中VC含量呈正相关性,当VC添加量达到137.8 mg/kg时,肌肉和肝脏中VC积累量达到饱和.饲料中添加VC对血清总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著影响,饲料中添加VC显著提高了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性(P＜0.05);血清中谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力(NKA)随饲料中VC添加量的增加呈升高趋势,而血清皮质醇含量(COR)呈下降趋势.氨氮胁迫有使肝脏和肌肉VC含量、血清T-SOD、CAT、GSH-px活性、GSH含量和鳃丝NKA活性降低,血清VC含量、COR和MDA含量增加趋势.其中,对照组T-SOD、CAT、NKA活性、GSH、MDA和COR胁迫前后差异显著(P＜0.05),氨氮胁迫使VC添加组青鱼肝脏VC含量显著降低(P＜0.05),而CAT、NKA活力、GSH、COR胁迫前后均无显著变化.69.1 mg/kg VC组T-SOD活性胁迫前后无显著差异,但GSH-px活性和MDA含量胁迫前后差异显著(P＜0.05),而277.5 mg/kg VC添加组GSH-px活力和MDA含量胁迫前后差异不显著,但T-SOD活性显著降低,血清VC含量显著升高(P＜0.05).研究表明,青鱼获得最好生长的饲料有效VC添加量为63.0 mg/kg,氨氮胁迫使青鱼产生免疫应激反应,而补充VC可有效增强机体免疫,缓解机体免疫应激,改善青鱼抗氨氮胁迫能力.     

急性病毒性坏死病毒引物酶表达及酶学活性分析

根据急性病毒性坏死病毒(acute viral necrosis virus,AVNV)ORF 024序列设计引物,以AVNV的DNA为模板进行扩增AVNV引物酶(primase)基因,同时构建表达质粒pET32a-prim,并转化至E.coli BL21(DE3)进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE检测显示诱导表达两条蛋白条带,其中分子量为60 ku的蛋白条带与预期表达蛋白条带大小一致,另一蛋白条带分子量约为55 ku,经Western-blotting及质谱分析鉴定分子量60 ku的蛋白条带为AVNV-引物酶,而表达出的55 ku蛋白条带存在部分引物酶多肽片段。RNA结合荧光染料Pico-Green在30 min内荧光强度比较稳定,从而确定30 min为进行AVNV引物酶活性分析的最佳终止反应时间,并在引物合成实验中观察到30 min内引物酶活性较高。当使用多聚胞嘧啶寡核苷酸poly(d C)为模板时,重组引物酶能特异性催化底物GTP。0.1 mmol/L Zn2+可显著增强引物酶活性,而1mmol/L Mn2+和EDTA能抑制引物酶活性。     

增加饲料中Vc质量分数对银鲳血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响

研究了增加饲料中维生素C（VC）质量分数对银鲳（Pampus argenteus）血清溶菌酶活性及组织抗氧化能力的影响.以鱼粉、虾粉为蛋白源,鱼油为脂肪源配制VC质量分数分别为104.21 mg·kg^-1、455.33 mg·kg^-1和800.54 mg·kg^-1的3组饲料,依次编号为C1（对照组）、C2、C3.每组饲料设3个重复,投喂平均体质量为（6.18±0.15）g的银鲳幼鱼9周.结果显示,随着饲料中VC质量分数的增加,血清溶菌酶活性逐渐升高,C3组较C1、C2组溶菌酶活性显著性升高（P＜0.05）.增加VC质量分数可显著提高组织中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）（P ＜0.05）,但VC对不同组织中SOD活性的影响程度并不相同.随着饲料中VC质量分数的增加,肝脏与肌肉中VC水平显著性升高（P＜0.05）.同时,高水平VC也显著降低了组织中丙二醛（MDA）的质量摩尔浓度.分析表明,增加饲料中VC质量分数（大于455.33 mg·kg^-1）可提高银鲳血清溶菌酶活性与组织抗氧化能力,降低组织中的脂质过氧化反应.