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91.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were measured by the closed chamber technique from five plots along a transect in a nitrogen‐fertilised grassland, together with soil water content, soil temperature and water table depth, to investigate the effect of water table depth on N2O emissions. N2O fluxes varied from <1 g N2O‐N ha?1 day?1 to peaks of around 500–1200 g N2O‐N ha?1 day?1 after N fertiliser applications. There was no significant difference in overall average water table depth between four of the five plots, but significant short‐term temporal variations in water table depth did occur. Rises in the water table were accompanied by exponential increases in N2O emissions, through the associated increases in the water‐filled pore space of the topsoil. Modelling predicted that if the water table could be managed such that it was kept to no less than 35 cm below the ground surface, fluxes during the growing season would be reduced by 50%, while lowering to 45 cm would reduce them by over 80%. The strong implication of these results is that draining grasslands, so that the water tables are only rarely nearer to the surface than 35 cm when N is available for denitrification, would substantially reduce N2O emissions. 相似文献
92.
冬小麦根系对施肥深度的生物学响应研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
施肥深度对冬小麦根系分布及后期衰老影响的根管栽培试验结果表明,施肥深度可改变不同土体中小麦根重及根系活性,较深层次(50~100cm)施肥有利于小麦根长增加和下层土壤中根重及根系活性的提高,同时可增加旗叶叶面积和净光合率,并使小麦根系SOD和POD活性保持较高水平,抑制过氧化产物MDA的产生,延缓根系及旗叶衰老,明显提高小麦产量。施肥过深(150cm)虽能诱导根系下扎,但小麦总根重和产量却均有所下降。 相似文献
93.
Summary Since urease activity in soil is believed to be relatively constant, the present study was designed to examine the effects of incubation, soil depth and the effect of cultivation on the persistence of urease activity in arid soils. Two soils were used, a Harkey (coarse, silty, mixed, calcareous, thermic, Typic Torrifluvent) and a Saneli (Clayey over sandy skeletal, montmorillonitic, calcareous, Vertic Torrifluvent), each consisting of a cultivated field and a non-cultivated roadbed site. Urease activity was much lower and more varable in the roadbed soils (40 years without cultivation) than in the cultivated field soils. Pre-incubation for 24 h with urea (with toluene) and without urea (without toluene) greatly reduced the total urease activity in all cases in relation to cell free urease activity (with toluene). Urease activity in the two field soils decreased slightly with profile depth but the decrease was greatest below the plow depth (33 cm). Protease activity or some inactivation processes must have lowered the urease content since there was substantially reduced urease activity after most pre-incubations. The extent of the urease activity decrease was so great that the addition of urea would have been required to increase the production of urease enzyme. 相似文献
94.
选取贵州省兴义市三江口镇杉木人工林为试验区,以不同林龄下的土壤为研究对象,对不同林龄采取野外样地调查与实验测定土壤有机质和全氮含量进行分析.结果表明:土壤剖面(包括耕地)有机质和全氮含量均随土层深度的增加而减少,即0~20 cm>20~40 cm>40~60 cm土层,且在各土层之间的含量分布差异显著;有机质和全氮含量随林龄的增长而增加,且在各林龄之间含量分布差异显著;二者在土壤剖面和林龄分布上均存在波动,但高于耕地.不同林龄之间有机质和全氮含量的换算系数略有不同,在0.05~0.06之间.回归分析显示,各林龄(包括耕地)土壤有机质与全氮含量总体上有较显著的线性关系;林龄与有机质含量以及林龄与全氮含量在土壤剖面各层均存在显著的线性相关关系. 相似文献
95.
96.
[目的]探讨盐池县沙化草地土壤理化性质和土壤酶活性的变化规律以及草地恢复和土壤恢复之间的关系,为草地土壤系统的恢复治理和可持续利用提供可靠的依据。[方法]对宁夏盐池县北部不同深度和不同沙化程度草地的土壤养分进行统计分析。[结果]随着沙化程度的加剧,土壤全磷、全氮、全钾、速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮、土壤酶活性、土壤水分随着土壤沙化程度的加剧而降低,土壤p H随沙化程度加剧而增大,且不同沙化程度草地之间差异显著(P0.05)。在0~60 cm土层土壤全磷、全氮、全钾、速效钾、有效磷、碱解氮、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶含量随着土壤深度的增加而降低,且不同深度之间差异显著(P0.05),土壤p H、水分、过氧化氢酶含量随深度增加而增加,且不同深度之间差异显著(P0.05)。[结论]随着盐池县草地沙化程度的加剧,土壤理化性质和酶活性呈显著性下降趋势,而p H则呈现上升趋势。土壤养分和酶活性随着土壤深度的增加而降低,物理性质则随之增加,土壤表层理化性质及其酶活性对草地退化的影响最为显著。 相似文献
97.
Naruepon Kampa DVM Ursula Wennstrom DVM Peter Lord BVSc FRCVS Robert Twardock DVM PhD Enn Maripuu BSc Per Eksell DVM PhD Sten-Olof Fredriksson BSc 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2002,43(4):383-391
Determinations of different methods of measurement of uptake of 99mTc-DTPA using scintigraphy of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were made from 29 studies on 10 healthy beagle dogs. GFR was measured by calculating the percentage dose uptake (integral method) and rate of uptake (slope method) of 99mTc-DTPA using manual kidney regions of interest (ROI) and automatic kidney and background ROIs at different time periods of the uptake phase. These results were compared using linear regression analysis to the GFR obtained from 99mTc-DTPA plasma clearance using multiple blood samples. The best correlation coefficient between percentage DTPA uptake and GFR by DTPA clearance (r = 0.84, P < 0.001) was derived from time intervals between 30s-120s with a perirenal background ROI at 1 or 2 pixels out from the kidney ROI using automatic kidney ROI at 20% threshold. With the slope method, the best correlation coefficient (r = 0.85, P < 0.001) was obtained from time intervals between 30s-peak with the background ROI at 2 pixels out from the kidney ROI using automatic ROI at 35% threshold. The offset was higher, and the correlation varied more with different ROIs and the method was unreliable at time intervals extending beyond the peak radioactivity. Manual kidney ROIs with automatic background ROIs had slightly lower correlations. With DTPA renography both integral and slope uptake method with automatic kidney and background ROIs are accurate methods to estimate the GFR, but that the integral method is much more stable to variations in ROI size and the duration of the uptake phase of the renogram. 相似文献
98.
Numerical Simulation Research on Stabilityof Dissolving Cavityfor the Low-depth-thin-layer Rock Salt
In order to extend life of salt well, avoid sinking and use the formed cavity reasonably, the factors of effecton cavity stability must be researched during the process of water mining of rock salt, so that the effective prevention measures can be put. The stability of dissolving cavity for the low depth thin layer rock salt has been researched by the ADINA non linear finite element method.The results show that the stability of dissolving cavity obviously becomes strengthened with the decrease of its height, and has a decreasing trendas with the span increase of the cavity . The effect of incidence on stability of the cavity is very little. The stability of cylindroid cavity is higher than that of converse taper cavity. The assorted model is a kind of transition shape. The influencing order of cavity stability is the ffollows, height>geometrical shape>span>incidence. 相似文献
99.
走马岭隧道通过方斗山背斜可溶岩地区。岩溶发育强烈。在分析隧址区地质环境的基础上,详细论述隧址区岩溶发育分布规律和特征,岩溶水补、径、排条件及化学特征,为隧道安全施工提供科学依据并提出建议。 相似文献
100.