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51.
氮肥施用策略对膜下滴灌棉花叶片叶绿素含量变化的影响   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
进行了南疆膜下滴灌棉花不同施肥策略和不同灌水量对农田环境影响的田间试验,利用SPAD-502叶绿素仪测定了不同施氮比例下棉花功能叶叶绿素SPAD值的变化,分析了叶绿素SPAD值积累量与棉花产量的关系。结果表明:棉花整个生育期采用不同的追肥策略,各个处理叶片中叶绿素含量变化的趋势、峰值大小及SPAD值积累量都会不同。在蕾期、花铃期前期,不同施肥策略均会影响叶片叶绿素的积累,而盛铃期施肥策略对叶片叶绿素影响不大。各处理叶片叶绿素SPAD值与产量之间存在明显的正相关,生育期积累的叶绿素含量越高,产量越高。在比较理想的施肥量和施肥策略下,过高的灌水量不一定会获得高的棉花产量。  相似文献   
52.
为明确追施不同氮肥量对陆地棉SPAD值及干物质积累与分配的影响,在南疆巴州地区以当地主栽品种‘巴43541’为材料,设置4个追施氮肥水平,分别为不追施氮(N0)、减施50%常规追施氮肥(N1)、常规追施氮肥(N2)、增施50%常规追施氮肥(N3),分析不同追施氮肥量对叶片SPAD值、干物质积累与分配、产量以及氮肥利用的影响。结果表明,减施50%追施氮肥量能增加陆地棉各生育期的SPAD值和SPAD积累值,且生殖器官干物质转化比例最高为60.53%,产量为6581.32 kg/hm2,相比于其他处理增产1.4%~16.5%,氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率均显著高于其他处理。减施50%常规追施氮肥处理较其他处理增产虽然不显著,但是能够显著增高氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用效率,可考虑在生产实践中应用。  相似文献   
53.
对水稻龙粳31抽穗后进行遮光处理,研究遮荫处理与未遮荫处理(CK)在产量及其构成、功能叶片的SPAD值和灌浆特性等方面的差异。结果表明:龙粳31抽穗后进行遮荫,主要影响千粒重和结实率两个产量因素,产量降低达到极显著水平;胁迫功能叶片SPAD值升高;遮光处理的强、弱势粒籽粒最大灌浆速率GR_(max)和平均灌浆速率GR_(mean)均低于对照。  相似文献   
54.
本研究旨在探讨单粒精播花生生理性状和产量性状对密度和氮肥的响应。选择山东省烟台市招远鲁东丘陵地,作物两年三熟。2018和2019年,以出口大花生品种花育22为试验材料进行大田试验,设置了3个种植密度(12万、20万、28万株/hm2,分别表示为D1、D2和D3)和4个施氮量(0、50、115、180 kg/hm2,分别表示为N0、N50、N115、N180),于不同生育时期调查分析花生SPAD值、植株和产量性状。研究结果表明,种植密度和施氮量均显著影响花生叶绿素含量、干物质量、植株性状和产量性状,且两者互作效应显著。在D2密度条件下,花生荚果产量较D1密度和D3密度分别高24.31%~45.04%和10.57%~15.13%,成熟期叶绿素含量分别高3.70%~27.82%和6.10%~18.94%,成熟期干物质量分别高7.31%~32.34%和10.65%~34.59%,且差异性均达到了显著水平。在D2密度下,施氮量在50~180 kg/hm2范围内,花生荚果产量、叶绿素含量和干物质量均显著高于无氮处理,各施氮处理表现为N115 > N180 > N50 > N0,以施氮量为115 kg/hm2时花生荚果产量最大,较N50和N180处理分别提高了6.83%和3.90%,叶绿素含量、干物质量和植株性状也协同提高。综合考虑生理性状、产量性状等因素,在本试验条件下,单粒精播花生栽培在低密度12万株/hm2下,花生主要产量性状随着施氮量的增加而增加,以种植密度为20万株/hm2,施氮量为115 kg/hm2较为适宜。  相似文献   
55.
Mobile nitrogen (N) forms may be better N indicators of the N status of trees than total nitrogen (TN) due to their higher sensitivity to increasing N supply. A field experiment was carried out over a 3-year period to compare foliar concentrations of total N (TN), soluble N (SN), chlorophyll (Minolta SPAD readings), NH4–N and NO3–N as indicators of soil N availability in nectarine, Prunus persica L. Batsch, cv. ‘Fantasia’ (grafted on ‘Nemaguard’ peach, P. persica × P. davidiana) trees. Young trees were exposed to a range of fertilizer-N application rates. Based on correlation analysis, the best association between leaf N compounds with soil N supply and trunk diameter and/or fruit yield was obtained with TN and chlorophyll SPAD readings. Leaf concentrations of mobile N compounds (NH4–N and NO3–N) increased more than any other N compound under high N supply; however, their inconsistency among years and low leaf concentration difficult their use as N indicators. The optimum foliar TN for growth decreased with tree age, 4.4%, 3.6% and 3.3% in non-bearing 1-year-old trees, non-bearing 2-year-old trees and 3.3 fruit-bearing 3-year-old trees. The optimum SPAD readings were 40 in 2-year-old trees and 42 in 3-year-old trees. Stable N compounds (TN and chlorophyll SPAD) could be used to N diagnosis in the zone of N deficiency, and soluble N compounds (NH4–N and NO3–N) to diagnoses N excess.  相似文献   
56.
为研究极端干旱区微喷灌水技术对葡萄生理和产量的影响,通过对葡萄不同生育期叶片SPAD值、叶绿素含量和产量的测定,分析不同微喷周期条件下各处理的叶片SPAD值、叶绿素含量的变化特征和相互关系及对产量的影响。结果显示:在不同喷水周期条件下,各处理的SPAD值呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,日变化值为38.31~43.8。其中,每天喷水1h处理的SPAD值日平均值最高,为42.0,之后是对照处理和每隔1d喷水2h处理,分别为41.2和40.3,每隔2d喷水3h处理的SPAD值最低,为39.3。葡萄SPAD值与叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量间相关关系显著,回归方程分别为Ca=0.1028VSPAD-2.2266、Cb=0.0796VSPAD-2.3749、Ct=0.1824VSPAD-4.4602。在葡萄品质指标和产量上,采用微喷可以提高VC含量、多酚含量和单宁含量等多项品质指标,并使葡萄平均增产5.4%,表明合理的微喷周期处理有利于提高葡萄叶片叶绿素含量,并使产量增加,而叶绿素仅是葡萄生理生长的指标之一,如光合、叶绿素荧光等指标对葡萄生理的影响仍需作更深入的研究,以期能更进一步揭示微喷条件下的葡萄增产作用机理。  相似文献   
57.
    
Increasing tree species diversity has become a key underpinning for communities to improve resilience of urban and community forests. Increasingly, urban forestry researchers are examining physiological traits to aid in selecting trees for urban sites. Knowledge of physiological responses also has implications for understanding species’ resilience to increased stresses associated with climate change. Here, we compare growth, leaf SPAD chlorophyll index, water relations, and gas exchange of seven genotypes of shade trees planted in two locations in downtown Detroit, MI, USA. Genotypes included Redpointe® maple (Acer rubrum ‘Frank Jr.’), Flashfire® maple (Acer saccharum ‘JFS-Caddo2′), Pacific Sunset® maple (Acer truncatum x platanoides ‘Warrenred’), Emerald City® tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera ‘JFS-Oz’), Chanticleer® pear (Pyrus calleryana ‘Glen’s Form’), swamp white oak (Quercus bicolor), and Emerald Sunshine® elm (Ulmus propinqua ‘JFS-Bieberich’). Trees were planted in either Lafayette Plaisance Park (Park), a large urban greenspace, or on the median of St. Aubin Avenue (Median), a nearby major thoroughfare. Tree height growth and leaf SPAD index were higher for trees planted in the Park location than on the Median. However, genotypic variation was larger than the effects of location or the interaction of Genotype × Location for most traits. Across measurement dates, midday leaf water potential was lowest for Pyrus trees and highest for Ulmus and Liriodendron trees. Pyrus and Quercus trees had relatively high rates of net photosynthesis (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) while Liriodendron, Acer saccharum, and Ulmus trees had low rates of A and gs. Liriodendron trees closed their stomata rapidly as leaf water potential (Ψw) declined (isohydric response), while Pyrus and Quercus trees maintained gs across a range of leaf Ψw (anisohydric response). Liriodendron trees also had the highest relative growth rates, suggesting that drought stress avoidance through isohydry is a viable drought tolerance mechanism in urban trees.  相似文献   
58.
    
With the objective of studying the effect of two nutrient solutions and two crop systems (greenhouse and openfield) on nitrate accumulation, incidence of tipburn and chlorophyll content, endive (cv. Cuartana) was planted in 8 L pots, filled with a mixture of coconut coir:perlite (1:1) in three different cycles C1 (winter), C2 (spring) and C3 (summer). Plants were irrigated with two nutrient solutions of different nitrate content: S1, low ([NO?3] = 7.91 mmol L?1) and S2 moderate nitrate content ([NO?3] = 16.91 mmol L?1). Nitrate content was determined by reflectometry, tipburn was evaluated using a qualitative scale and chlorophyll content by soil plant analysis development(SPAD) values. Plants irrigated with S2 showed higher nitrate accumulation in leaves in all cycles, however, no influence of the nutrient solution was observed on the incidence of tipburn. Greenhouse-cultivated plants accumulated more nitrates than those cultivated in open field and also showed a higher incidence of tipburn and SPAD values.  相似文献   
59.
    
Photosynthetic traits are affected by many environmental factors, of which the most important ones are microclimate of crop stand and meteorological conditions. A 2-year field study was conducted to determine the photosynthetic rate (P) and chlorophyll index (SPAD) alteration in various spring barley cultivars throughout development stages under field conditions. The tests involved three seed rates (SR) [200 (SR I), 400 (SR II), and 600 (SR III) viable seeds per m2] and three cultivars (Aura DS, Barke, and Gustav). The measurements were made four times during the growing season. In 2008, the P values were the greatest at BBCH 45 under warm conditions coupled with a lack of rainfall. The spring barley cultivars differed in tolerance of the weather conditions between the experimental years. The P of Barke was the greatest in warm and dry conditions (2008), and that of Gustav was greatest mainly in wet conditions. The P of Aura DS was lower than the trial mean in both years. The SRs effect on P and SPAD was significant only in sporadic cases. The variation of P and SPAD depended significantly (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01) on the weather factors and their interaction.  相似文献   
60.
以连续2年林地覆盖和不覆盖高节竹(Phyllostachys prominens)林为对象,测定了叶片MDA、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量和抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素值,研究短期林地覆盖经营对高节竹叶片生理特征的影响,结果表明:林地覆盖经营对高节竹2、3年生立竹叶片MDA、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖含量影响不明显,但对1年生立竹有显著影响;对1~3年生立竹叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性总体上有较明显的影响,并显著提高了叶片叶绿素值。  相似文献   
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