离地高度可调的减振式履带驱动机构设计

履带式农田作业车由于其优异的通过性与稳定的行驶性能,被广泛使用于南方丘陵地区。针对传统履带底盘采用刚性悬架,无法调节离地高度,行驶时乘坐舒适性较差的问题,设计了一种离地高度可调的减振式履带驱动机构。该机构采用分离式设计,将整个驱动机构分为上层承载架与下层行驶架,通过在上、下层之间设置液压缸与弹性元件,达到在一定区间内调节车辆离地高度与减少车身振动的目的。通过对关键部件进行重点设计,并对其工作过程进行简要分析,该机构在理论上能达到设计要求。     

酱卤肉制品连续式传输轨道关键技术研究

通过研究钢板式、PU式、网带式、双节距式等不同类型的传送装备对酱卤肉制品感官、微生物指标的影响,确定最佳传送装备为双节距式传送装备,以设备清洗方便性、清洗后食品接触面微生物水平、产品外观完整性为评价指标,调整并确定双节距间隙为0.5 cm;根据产品完整性和产能,确定双节距最佳传送速度15 m/min,显著提高了工作效率,同时提高了产品的感官特性。     

推土机履带行走系统的设计及工艺改进

针对T90/T100推土机履带行走系统存在拖带轮偏磨问题,分析其产生的主要原因是行车架焊合件加工质量不稳定,提出了控制质量的具体措施,取得了良好效果,为今后一系列推土机履带行走系统的设计改进提供了借鉴经验。     

橡胶园土壤全氮和速效钾养分合理取样位置研究

通过地统计学方法分析了土壤全氮和速效钾空间变异特征,并对其合理取样位置进行探讨,绘制了兼顾土壤全氮和速效钾综合养分的合理取样位置空间分布图.结果表明:橡胶园土壤全氮和速效钾综合养分合理取样位置主要受土壤速效钾含量分布决定;在空间分布上,综合养分的合理取样位置主要位于远离施肥穴的橡胶树行间萌生带和中间树头附近区域.此结果为南方长期经济作物土壤样品取样位置的确定提供一种新的尝试.     

海南胶园不同母质发育砖红壤磷素形态特征研究

采用Hedley磷分级方法对海南胶园5种母质15个砖红壤磷素形态进行了研究。结果表明:由于变幅较大,砂页岩、花岗岩、片麻岩、浅海沉积物和玄武岩5种母质砖红壤Resin-P含量间、NaHCO3-Pi含量间、NaOH-Pi含量间和HCl-P含量间差异均不显著。所有土壤各级磷中残余态磷含量和百分比均最高,且玄武岩发育砖红壤上残余态磷含量和百分比含量均显著高于其他4种母质砖红壤。5种母质砖红壤中浅海沉积物发育砖红壤有机磷总量最低,所有土壤有机磷占全磷百分比的平均值为14.67%;除浅海沉积物发育砖红壤外,其他4种母质发育砖红壤上有机磷均以NaOH-Po为主,其占有机磷总量百分比的平均值为83.68%。Resin-P、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH-Pi和HCl-P 4个无机磷组分含量间显著或极显著水平正相关,且均与土壤Bray 2提取态磷呈极显著的正相关。NaHCO3-Po和NaOH-Po两个有机磷组分含量间呈极显著正相关,NaHCO3-Po、土壤有机磷总量均与土壤有机质含量呈显著正相关。     

不同磷源对橡胶树幼苗生长及土壤磷素组分特征的影响

通过盆栽试验及Hedley土壤磷素分组法研究了海南省玄武岩发育砖红壤上施用不同磷源对橡胶树幼苗生长的影响及土壤磷素组分变化。磷肥处理分别为不施磷处理、施用昆阳磷矿粉100 mg/kg(以全P计,下同)、施用昆阳磷矿粉250 mg/kg和施用普通过磷酸钙100 mg/kg。结果表明:施用磷矿粉和普通过磷酸钙均显著增加了橡胶树幼苗干物重、株高、茎粗和吸磷总量,但高磷矿粉处理和普通过磷酸钙处理橡胶树幼苗叶片磷含量显著降低;高磷矿粉处理取得了与普通过磷酸钙相当的肥效;磷矿粉施用后,土壤树脂提取态磷(Resin-P)、碳酸氢钠提取态无机磷(NaHCO_3-Pi)、氢氧化钠提取态无机磷(NaOH-Pi)、盐酸提取态磷(HCl-P)和残余态磷(Residual-P)等组分含量均显著增加,但碳酸氢钠提取态有机磷(NaHCO_3-Po)和氢氧化钠提取态有机磷(NaOH-Po)不受施磷影响;干物质重和吸磷总量均与土壤Resin-P、NaHCO_3-Pi和Na OH-Pi呈显著的正相关关系;磷矿粉施用11个月后,平均33.1%磷矿粉溶解在土壤中,平均43.5%的磷矿粉残留在土壤Residual-P组分中。为改善玄武岩发育砖红壤上有效磷及橡胶树磷素营养状况,应选择施用高活性磷矿粉以降低磷矿粉颗粒被大量包被的风险。     

基于HJ-1CCD遥感影像的西双版纳橡胶种植区提取

利用橡胶林第一蓬叶变色-稳定期环境遥感影像作为遥感信息源,根据橡胶林这一时期特有的影像特征,通过监督分类方法实现对西双版纳橡胶种植分布区信息的提取,解决了监督分类时树龄、品种和耕作制度造成的光谱差异问题;监督分类前利用NDVI阈值对非提取目标进行剔除,有效减少了分类数和工作量.分析表明,本次提取精度达到97.6％,较好地反映了西双版纳橡胶种植分布情况,同时对国产卫星的推广应用具有良好的示范作用.     

Changes in some physical properties of a clay soil in Central Italy following the passage of rubber tracked and wheeled tractors of medium power

The aim of this study was to evaluate the compacting effect of rubber tracked tractors in comparison to that of the traditional wheeled tractors. Macroporosity, pore shape and size distribution, bulk density, penetration resistance and saturated hydraulic conductivity were analysed in a clay soil (Vertic Cambisol) near Rome (Italy) following one and four passes on the same track of rubber tracked and wheeled tractors of medium power. The soil structure attributes were evaluated by characterising porosity by means of image analysis of soil thin sections prepared from undisturbed samples. Macroporosity decreased in the 0–10 cm layer of compacted soil, particularly after four tractor passes, due to a large reduction in the proportion of elongated pores and in their vertical continuity. The rubber tracked tractor had a more pronounced compaction effect in the surface layer (0–10 cm) than the wheeled tractor both after one and four passes; the latter treatment producing the lowest soil porosity. The same trend was observed for hydraulic conductivity, which showed a highly significant correlation with elongated pores. In the 10–20 cm layer the porosity was significantly decreased following traffic, apart from in the soil under one pass of the rubber tracked tractor. Again in this layer, the lowest values of porosity were found in soil after four passes of the rubber tracked tractor. Single and multiple passes made by the two tractors induced different effects regarding soil penetration resistance and bulk density. Increment ratio of penetration resistance after tractor passes with respect to the control was: 12.5 and 49.9% with the wheeled and 34.4 and 39.8% with the tracked after one and four passes, respectively. Increment ratio of dry bulk density values after tractor passes with respect to the control was 7.9 and 11.7% with the wheeled and 7.5 and 8.3% with the tracked after one and four passes, respectively. The tractor passes transformed the initial subangular blocky structure into a massive structure with sometimes a platy structure in the upper few centimetres. The results indicated that soil compaction following traffic with the rubber tracked tractor was generally the more pronounced. However the compacting effect of this tractor after one pass seemed to be limited to the surface layer only.     

基于空间运行轨迹的农机往复作业行距估算方法

为了快速评估农机作业重漏状况,针对农机往复作业模式下,通过在农机上装载智能终端设备,采集车载终端GNSS信息,分析农机空间运行轨迹数据,统计方位角分布频次,计算农机作业方向,提取农机作业线,进一步建立了农机作业行距评估模型。为了验证农机作业行距评估模型,于2021年6月25日在北京小汤山国家精准农业研究示范基地开展实验,利用装载有自动导航系统的拖拉机,设定不同的行距,且每个行距进行往复直线作业,验证作业方向计算、作业线提取和作业行距提取等模型。结果表明,与实际相比,模型计算的作业行距平均误差为3.07%,均方根误差为0.14m,从整体上来看,识别的农机作业平均行距和实际行距比较相符,可为农机作业重叠、遗漏等农机作业质量评估提供数据支撑。     

套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况试验研究

为了准确掌握金穗4SW系列马铃薯挖掘机摆动分离筛新型套筒式橡胶减振器的疲劳工况，进行了田间试验和实验室试验。试验表明，该橡胶减振器能够满足生产实际要求和对橡胶减振器的设计寿命要求。给出了符合橡胶减振器疲劳损失衡量标准的静刚度损失值，经生产实践证明，此值具有指导生产的实际意义。