Coleoptile cuticle of barley is necessary for the increase in appressorial turgor pressure of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blumeria graminis</Emphasis> for penetration

To determine whether the cuticle of the barley coleoptile is responsible for a rise in appressorial turgor pressure in Blumeria graminis, we determined the appressorial turgor pressure by measuring cytorrhysis and plasmolysis in the presence of PEG6000. Appressorial turgor pressure significantly increased 13–14 h after inoculation. On the other hand, when the cuticle was completely removed from the barley coleoptile surface with diethyl ether, turgor pressure did not increase. Moreover, when we then recoated the surface with the exogenous barley cuticle fraction, appressorial turgor pressure significantly increased 12–13 h after inoculation. These results suggest that the cuticle on the surface of the barley coleoptile is necessary for the increase in the appressorial turgor pressure.     

苦瓜试管苗的快速繁殖

利用不同激素浓度的MS培养基对苦瓜试管苗进行快速繁殖的研究.结果表明:KT浓度为3.0 mg/L时,苦瓜试管苗丛生芽的增殖效果最佳,增殖倍数达4.9倍;试管苗在MS NAA 0.1 mg/L和大量元素减半的MS 蔗糖1%的培养基中可以生根,生根率都达100%.     

The role of primary germ tubes (PGT) in the life cycle of Blumeria graminis: The stopping of PGT elongation is necessary for the triggering of appressorial germ tube (AGT) emergence

The conidia of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), following contact with a host surface, first form a short germ tube, called the primary germ tube (PGT), and then an elongating germ tube emerges. It differentiates into an appressorial germ tube (AGT), and then the AGT elongates and swells. It forms a hooked, appressorial lobe that penetrates the epidermal cell wall of the host. In a series of infections, the positive role of PGT in the morphogenesis of the fungus is unclear except for the possibility reported by Carver and Ingerson that the growth of a long germ tube, with the potential to differentiate into an appressorium, seems to be dependent on the perception of a suitable host surface through contact with the PGT. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to further clarify the role of PGT in the morphogenesis of the fungus. When the conidia of Bgh were inoculated onto the coleoptile surface whose cuticle was removed with cellulose acetate, the emergence of the AGT was delayed. This delay was related to the length of the PGT. That is, on the cuticleless coleoptile surface the PGT tended to continue elongating without stopping. If there were gaps on the coleoptile surface such as a cell border on the more hydrophilic substratum like cuticleless coleoptile surface, the PGT stopped elongating there and after that the AGT emerged. Moreover, the length of PGT in the beginning of AGT emergence was same as that of the PGT after appressorium formation. This means that PGT elongation had stopped when AGT began to emerge. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the PGT elongation for the triggering of AGT emergence.     

家蚕微孢子虫总蛋白两条大分子量主带的LC-MS/MS分析

为了深入认识家蚕微孢子虫高分子量蛋白的主要组成,我们采用LC-MS/MS技术鉴定分析玻璃珠破碎法提取的家蚕微孢子虫总蛋白中85kD以上两条主要蛋白带。我们从H1带(位于150～200kD之间)中成功鉴定出16个蛋白,包括极管蛋白3(PTP3)、极管蛋白2(PTP2)、真核蛋白翻译起始因子(eIF2C2)、延伸因子(EF1-alpha、EF2)、肌动蛋白(actin)等。这暗示两种结构蛋白PTP3与PTP2以及蛋白翻译延伸因子(EF1-alpha、EF2)与肌动蛋白(actin)可能各形成一个复合体。并且用SDS或β-巯基乙醇处理时,这两个复合物是稳定的,表明这些复合物的相互作用力不仅仅是通过二硫键。H2带(85～100kD)鉴定出主要集中在水解酶、蛋白合成与折叠、细胞结构、运动四个方面的20多个的蛋白。从两条蛋白带鉴定出PTP3与PTP2、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)或过渡期内质网三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase-TER94)、蛋白翻译因子(eIF2C、EF1-alpha、EF2)、HSP70、Actin、M1家族氨肽酶1(M1family aminopeptidase)6类蛋白。基于蛋白分子质量分析,暗示在家蚕微孢子虫中,这6类蛋白都可能是以复合体形式呈现的。研究结果丰富家蚕微孢子虫高分子量蛋白的数据,同时,为研究非二硫键间的蛋白互作提供了有价值的研究线索。     

基于神经网络的绝热毛细管新型简化模型

通过对现有各种毛细管仿真模型的分析比较，提出了基于神经网络的新型简化模型——两相区关联模型．该模型针对壅塞两相区各参数间的相关性，建立了无量纲长度与两相区进出口压力间的人工神经网络辨析关系．而且基于等焓假设推导出两相区进出口压力相同的非壅塞态与壅塞态流量关系式．从而获得了快捷而且紧凑的仿真流程．在样本范围内取得了良好的仿真结果，R12和R22壅塞状态下的误差绝对值分别控制在2．14％和2．46％内．     

热水锅炉管板及人孔周边应力位移分析

对锅炉结构进行了有限元分析 ,给出了管板、人孔周边应力与位移的分布 ,为锅炉结构的合理设计提供了可靠的理论依据     

利用花粉管通道技术创造棉花变异种质及其SSR标记分析

将海岛棉品种海7124的基因组总DNA通过花粉管通道导入到陆地棉品种石远321中,获得了纤维品质明显改善的优良新种质系,而且在后代材料中还获得了一个形态性状发生明显变异的突变体。利用SSR标记对DNA供体、受体及突变体二代材料进行了多态性分析,结果表明,海岛棉DNA片段已经整合到受体基因组中,这为花粉管通道技术提供了间接的分子生物学证据,同时对外源DNA片段的整合机制进行了探讨。     

新型抗冻太阳能冷管的试验研究

根据固体吸附制冷原理,利用太阳光作为热源,采用活性炭-甲醇作为工质对,首次研制成了抗冻型太阳能冷管,该冷管制冷温度可以达到-5℃以下,单支抗冻型太阳能冷管制冷量可以达到100 kJ,制冷系数COP达到0.11.     

离体梨花柱S2RNa se对自体花粉管超微结构变化的影响

 采用透射电子显微镜研究了离体条件下‘今村秋’、‘丰水’梨花柱S2RNase对‘今村秋’花粉管生长过程中花粉管超微结构的影响。‘丰水’花柱S2RNase处理的‘今村秋’花粉管(异体, 亲和)和对照花粉管结构在生长过程中表现正常, 即花粉管顶端生长区域充满细胞质和细胞器, 结构完整, 花粉管壁上没有胼胝质层分布。而‘今村秋’花柱S-RNase处理的‘今村秋’花粉管(自体, 不亲和) 超微结构随时间的延长出现衰退现象。处理3 h时, 自体花粉管内充满细胞质和细胞器, 结构完整, 但在花粉管的极顶端分泌小泡融合, 并且此区域的细胞壁比后部的薄; 处理8 h后, 细胞器出现一定程度的衰退现象,线粒体膨大, 嵴减少或消失, 内质网膨大并包围在液泡和其它细胞器周围, 液泡融合并侵蚀周围的细胞质和细胞器; 到24 h时, 自体花粉管内线粒体、内质网等细胞器消失, 只有靠近花粉管前端有少量细胞质存在, 细胞壁增厚, 并且有一层厚厚的胼胝质层紧靠细胞壁。结果表明, 花柱S2RNase能引起自体花粉管的衰退, 从而抑制自体花粉管生长。     

导入谷子基因组DNA对小麦光合生理特性的影响

为促进小麦高光效育种研究,以小麦品种普冰201、长武134及分别以普冰201和长武134为受体通过花粉管通道法导入谷子品种冀谷18基因组DNA的后代株系为材料,在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别测定其最上部叶片或旗叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)等光合生理指标,成熟期收获后调查单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等农艺性状,并进行比较分析.结果表明,谷子基因组DNA导入系的光合特性及农艺性状与亲本相比发生了变化.在拔节期,以长武134为受体的导入系01-2-20-10的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别较亲本高出5.5％、12.5％和6.5％.在抽穗期,以普冰201为受体的导入系01-2-12-5的蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别高出亲本11.1％和12.5％,导入系01-2-8-4和01-2-14-2的SPAD值较亲本高出9.7％和3.2％.在灌浆期,以普冰201为受体的导入系01-2-11-3的净光合速率较亲本高出10.0％,导入系01-2-12-2的气孔导度较亲本高出11.1％.对单株穗数而言,普冰201后代导入系01-2-12-2较亲本高出3.3％,长武134后代导入系01-2-17-4较亲本高出4.6％.对穗粒数而言,普冰201后代导入系01-2-12-2较亲本多出3.8％,长武134后代导入系01-2-17-4较亲本高出24.9％.普冰201所有后代导入系的株高和千粒重均高于亲本,长武134后代导入系01-2-17-4、01-2-18-5和01-2-18-12的千粒重均高于亲本.