云南省反刍家畜饲养基地岩石—土壤—饲料中铁、钴、锰和硒含量的相关性研究

为了更好地评价云南省区域性反刍家畜饲料矿物质元素营养状况,并按照调盈补缺的原则科学合理地制作反刍家畜矿物质元素添加剂。对云南省反刍家畜主要生产基地所属的6个地质背景区的土壤、岩石和饲料样品的钴、铁、锰和硒元素进行测定分析,同时将岩石—土壤—饲料系统中各元素含量在空间不同方向上进行了相关统计,结果发现:在水平方向上,从岩石、土壤到饲料,四个元素之间一直呈较强的正相关,表现了该系统的统一。垂直方向岩石与土壤之间锰和钴的相关系数都大于0.39(n=149,P<0.01),其余各元素的相关系数也都为正值;土壤—饲料之间,综合各主要饲料,土壤和饲料中的钴、铁和硒元素间的相关性最好,而岩石和饲料间各矿物质元素相关性较差,对区域性饲料矿物质元素营养价值的评价没有太大的指导意义。     

环江毛南族自治县岩溶土地石漠化动态变化研究

以环江县2005年第一次石漠化监测和2011年第二次石漠化监测结果数据为基础,采用对比分析方法研究了环江县岩溶土地在监测间隔期内的石漠化状况、石漠化程度、演变类型、变化原因等动态变化情况,得出环江县岩溶土地石漠化的趋势已基本得到遏制,整体向好的方向发展等结论.     

THE STUDY OF ROCK FRACTURE

This paper is about the fracture tests for rocks performed under the stress of compression and shear. The characteristics of cornpre-ssive and shear fracture for rocks are described. The compress shear fracuure criteria of rocks are obtained.     

The mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices and rock phosphate amendment influence plant growth and microbial activity in the rhizosphere of Acacia holosericea

Plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi utilize more soluble phosphorus from soil mineral phosphate than non-inoculated plants. However, there is no information on the response of soil microflora to mineral phosphate weathering by AM fungi and, in particular, on the catabolic diversity of soil microbial communities.The AM fungus, Glomus intraradices was examined for (i) its effect on the growth of Acacia holosericea, (ii) plant-available phosphate and (iii) soil microbial activity with and without added rock phosphate.After 4-months culture, AM fungal inoculation significantly increased the plant biomasses (by 1.78× and 2.23× for shoot and root biomasses, respectively), while mineral phosphate amendment had no effect in a sterilized soil. After 12-months culture, the biomasses of A. holosericea plants growing in a non-sterilized soil amended with mineral phosphate were significantly higher than those recorded in the control treatment (by 2.5× and 5× for shoot and root biomasses, respectively). The fungal inoculation also significantly stimulated plant growth, which was significantly higher than that measured in the mineral phosphate treatment. When G. intraradices and mineral phosphate were added together to the soil, shoot growth were significantly stimulated over the single treatments (inoculation or amendment) (1.45×). The P leaf mineral content was also higher in the G. intraradices+mineral phosphate treatment than in G. intraradices or rock phosphate amendment. Moreover, the number of fluorescent pseudomonads has been significantly increased when G. intraradices and/or mineral phosphate were added to the soil. By using a specific type of multivariate analysis (co-inertia analysis), it has been shown that plant growth was positively correlated to the metabolization of ketoglutaric acid, and negatively linked to the metabolisation of phenylalanine and other substrates, which shows that microbial activity is also affected.G. intraradices inoculation is highly beneficial to the growth of A. holosericea plants in controlled conditions. This AM symbiosis optimises the P solubilization from the mineral phosphate and affects microbial activity in the hyphosphere of A. holosericea plants.     

Preparation of nitrogen and phosphorus-enriched paddy straw compost and its effect on yield and nutrient uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary A nutrient-rich compost from paddy straw was prepared using urea and Mussoorie rock phosphate for N and P enrichment respectively. Inorganic N was partly conserved in the compost by the addition of pyrite. Citric-acid-soluble P also increased with the addition of pyrite. Compost containing about 1.6% total N and 3.3% total P was found to be a good source of P for a wheat crop and also supplied a significant amount of N to the plants.     

酸性土壤上磷矿粉释磷机理与农学效应

在3种酸性土壤上,进行了直接施用磷矿粉的高粱幼苗试验和培养实验,结果表明:供试土壤严重缺磷,不施磷肥的对照处理,高粱幼苗表现出严重的缺磷症状。若以施磷(P)量为50mg/kg的过磷酸钙为参照,除JX-PR外,其它磷矿粉的肥效高于过磷酸钙的处理;四种磷矿粉的肥效一般顺序为:NPR>MPR>HJP-PR>JX-PR,与2%柠檬酸浸提的枸溶性磷和土壤速效磷(P)的增加量相一致;从幼苗的实验结果看,土壤速效磷(P)含量与高粱幼苗干物质量有良好的线性关系。磷矿粉中SiO2和CaO含量的高低影响磷矿粉直接施用的效果。     

浅谈假山与置石在园林中的应用

介绍了假山与置石在园林中的作用,阐述了堆砌假山的科学布局思想。     

三峡库区紫色土的碎石分布特征

碎石含量高是紫色土的重要特征之一,但有关紫色土坡面碎石分布特征的报道却不多见。为了弄清楚碎石在紫色土中的空间分布规律,在选取的坡面断面上(含相对较陡坡和相对较缓坡两个坡面),从坡顶至坡脚布置采样点,开挖土壤剖面,分层取样测定不同坡位不同土层的碎石含量和碎石粒径。研究结果表明:(1)紫色土的碎石含量集中分布在40%以下,且以小碎石(5~20 mm)和中碎石(20~76 mm)为主;(2)随着土层加深,中碎石和大碎石(76~250 mm)含量增加,小碎石含量变化不大,总碎石含量和碎石等效粒径随着土层的加深而提高;(3)在较陡坡面上,碎石含量和碎石等效粒径从坡脚至坡顶逐渐减小,而在缓坡面上,碎石含量从坡脚至坡顶逐渐增加。山区紫色土坡面碎石分布在土层垂直方向上主要受土壤发生过程制约,土层深度对碎石含量和碎石粒径配比有显著影响,在坡面方向,碎石的分布由控制颗粒搬运的侵蚀作用力或重力作用力决定。     

Lithological effects in soil formation and soil slips on weathering-limited slopes underlain by granitic bedrocks in Japan

Soil slips occur every few years due to heavy rains on biotite granite (Gb) and hornblende biotite granite (Ghb) slopes in the Taga Mountains, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. The occurrence density of soil slips per unit area is 2.7 times greater in the Gb slopes than that in Ghb slopes. We examined the chemical, mineral, physical, and mechanical properties of two soil profiles on soil-slip scars in these slopes to study the effect of bedrock mineral composition on the density of soil slips. For a given size of mineral grain, the amount of biotite (which is susceptible to chemical weathering) in granitic bedrocks strongly influenced the density of soil slips. In the Gb slope the soil layer becomes thinner because of the smaller proportion of biotite in the bedrock; this restricts the downward movement of soil water into the material below the slip plane. During heavy rainfall the water surface then rises toward the slope surface above the slip plane. This promotes soil slips, increasing the density of soil-slip scars. In contrast, in the Ghb slope, with more biotite in the bedrock, the soil layer becomes thicker, so that soil water moves easily into the material beneath the slip plane. This limits the rise of water surface toward the slope surface above the slip plane even during heavy rainfalls. There are consequently fewer soil slips and density of soil-slip scars.     

虫草粉饲料添加剂对鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响

试验检测分析了虫草粉饲料添加剂饲养条件下芦花鸡的屠体性状和肌肉品质指标.结果显示,虫草组与对照组相比第1周增重差异显著(P＜0.05),其余7周增重差异不显著;鸡只皮肤色(b*)差异显著(P＜0.05),其余肌肉品质指标和屠体性状指标差异不显著.结果表明,饲料中添加虫草粉添加剂能促进鸡只早期生长发育、提高鸡只的皮肤黄度,对优质鸡生产和销售有明显提高和改善,值得进一步研究并推广使用.