甘蔗叶粉碎深埋还田机单边平底开沟装置的设计

针对南方甘蔗产区开展实施的甘蔗叶粉碎深埋技术,研制了一种甘蔗叶粉碎深埋还田机。本文重点设计了机具的单边平底开沟装置以适合南方砖红壤的条件要求,确定了开沟装置的结构参数;并通过扭柱型犁体曲面设计,增强了翻土和碎土能力。田间试验表明:甘蔗叶粉碎深埋还田机通过性良好;开沟装置开沟平均深度为39.95cm,底部宽度为25.03cm,上底宽为49.85cm,回土深度为11cm,开沟性能良好,工作可靠,能够满足甘蔗叶深埋技术要求。     

水肥耦合条件下小麦田根系层土壤总磷迁移特征

以小麦为研究对象,通过田间小区试验对生育期内水肥耦合条件下小麦根系层(0~100 cm)总磷浓度迁移过程的监测,系统分析了不同灌水量(高水7.6 mm、低水6.1 mm)及不同施肥量下(高肥125 kg/hm~2、低肥75 kg/hm~2)总磷在根系层的迁移转化规律。     

麦秸还田耕层酚酸变化及其对夏玉米生长的影响

对大田条件下麦秸腐解过程中产生的主要化感物质酚酸的 变化及其对夏玉米吸肥量和产量的影响研究结果表明，秸秆还田可增加土壤中酚酸浓度，秸杆还田后酚酸产生的高峰期在翻埋后40d左右，施N、P化肥处理的土壤中酚酸含量较低，酚酸对夏玉米幼苗根系的生长有明显抑制作用，而对玉米产量及肥料吸收利用的影响不显著。     

Effects of rake angle of chisel plough on soil cutting factors and power requirements: A computer simulation

A computer simulation was conducted to predict the effects of rake angle of a chisel plough and soil bulk density on angle of soil failure plane, rupture distance, width of side crescent, frictional, overburden, cohesion and adhesion soil cutting factors, draft forces and drawbar power requirements. The experimental work was carried out in two locations. Soil of the first location was sandy clay with the soil bulk densities of 1.75 and 1.70 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 30° and a surface friction angle of 20°, cohesion of 2.5 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.2 kN/m². Soil of the second location was clay loam with the soil bulk densities of 1.65 and 1.50 g/cm³ for firm and loose soil conditions, respectively, with an angle of internal friction of 34° and a surface friction angle of 23°, cohesion of 2.4 kN/m² and adhesion of 1.14 kN/m². The prediction showed that the angle of failure plane found to decrease with the rake angle. The rupture distance decreased with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then increased as the rake angle increased over 55°. The width of the side crescent increased as the rake angle increased and the maximum value and the minimum value were recorded at 75° and at 15°. Values of frictional and overburden factors decreased as rake angle increased. The maximum and minimum values were recorded at 15° and 75°, respectively. The values of cohesion factor increased as rake angle increased. The maximum value was recorded at rake angle of 75° and the minimum value was recorded at rake angle of 15°. Adhesion factor was found to change inversely with the rake angle from 15° to 55° and then to change directly with the rake angle over 55°. The draft force decreased with the rake angle and reached its minimum value at 45° rake angle. Over 45°, the draft force increased and reached its maximum value at 75° rake angle. The draft increased with soil bulk density. The power required for moving the plough recorded the maximum value at rake angle of 15°, while the minimum value was recorded at 55° rake angle. The values of power increased with decrease of soil bulk density. The predicted values demonstrated some deviations from the experimental values of the draft force and the drawbar power.     

论科技创新在旅游景区开发中的应用——以江苏天目湖旅游度假区为例

阐述了旅游科技创新的基本内涵,并以江苏天目湖旅游度假区为例,从理念、产品开发和设计、产品促销以及基础设施建设等方面,阐述了旅游科技创新的基本内容。     

林业科技创新、推广与示范体系建设

论述了林业科技创新、推广与示范体系建设在林业开发中的重要性，总结了上饶市的实践经验与体会。     

广州花园酒店空间改造与优化设计研究

在城市化进程快速发展的同时,一批城市高档酒店迅速崛起,导致城市早期建成的知名酒店因更新步伐较慢,而逐渐失去竞争力。因此建设时间较早、已明显老化的酒店迎来了更急迫的发展挑战。如何优化酒店原有的生态价值和人居环境,提升酒店的服务体验与综合发展成为重要的研究课题。以广州花园酒店为例,利用“道法自然”“以人为本”的设计思想,从优化酒店公共空间序列、完善景观层次、丰富植物种类及色彩、提升景观群落韵律等方面,提出酒店景观空间的优化、改造与再利用措施,力求提升酒店的竞争力。     

土壤肥沃耕层构建模式

详细介绍土壤的物质组成及作用,论述构建土壤肥沃耕层对农业生产的重要意义及我国土壤耕层构建模式的发展历程,介绍一种将深翻和秸秆还田结合起来的土壤肥沃耕层构建新模式,为提高土壤耕层的肥力提供参考。     

Effects of tillage on productivity of a winter wheat-vetch rotation under dryland Mediterranean conditions

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of three tillage systems on crop yield in a winter wheat-vetch (Vicia sativa L.) rotation during 3-year growing seasons on a clay-loam soil in the northwest region of Turkey. The three tillage treatments were: (1) conventional tillage (CT); (2) shallow tillage (ST); (3) double disk tillage (DD).The wheat grain yield was significantly affected by tillage when averaged across years. The highest wheat grain yield was obtained with shallow tillage treatment. The year affected wheat grain yield significantly, mainly due to the distribution of rainfall through the growing season and probably due to the wheat-vetch rotation. Heads density and head length increased significantly with shallow tillage when compared with conventional tillage. Tillage practices had no significant influence on thousand kernel weight. Results from this study indicated that for a dryland wheat-vetch rotation cropping system, shallow tillage had higher wheat grain yields than that obtained from conventional tillage. Furthermore, mouldboard ploughing tillage in this crop rotation could be replaced by shallow tillage that would increase yield and would be likely to improve soil properties in the long-term. On the other hand, double disk tillage proved to be a promising soil management practice to improve vetch grain yield when compared with conventional tillage.     

悬挂犁机组优化方法

采用悬挂犁机组空间力学模型,利用贮备牵引力为目标函数,在性能、边界约束的条件下使用单纯形法和随机方向法对悬挂机构进行了多变量优化设计,获得了满意结果。为适应空间模型需要,在犁体外载表示方面提出并使用了三力三坐标分点表示法。