基于温度植被指数法的运城市干旱监测

利用EOS/MODIS资料,通过温度植被指数法,在运城市开展了遥感干旱监测研究。研究发现,监测结果比实测墒情更加细致,与实测墒情趋势基本吻合,能在很大程度上弥补由于测站少而造成的土壤墒情监测的真实性不足。     

Regional assessment of soil erosion using the distributed model SEMMED and remotely sensed data

The soil erosion model for Mediterranean regions (SEMMED) is presented and used to produce regional maps of simulated soil loss for two Mediterranean test sites: one in southern France and one in Sicily. The model demonstrates the integrated use of (1) multi-temporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images to account for vegetation properties, (2) a digital terrain model in a GIS to account for topographical properties and to assess the transport capacity of overland flow, (3) a digital soil map to assess the spatial distribution of soil properties, and (4) a limited amount of soil physical field data. The principle drawbacks of the model are that it does not account for soil particle detachment by overland flow nor for soil surface crusting. The model is most sensitive to the initial soil moisture storage capacity and the soil detachability index. The main advantages of SEMMED are that it simulates processes at a regional scale and, where possible, it uses available data sources such as remote sensing imagery, digital elevation models (DEM) and (digital) soil databases, which usually are not available for smaller catchment areas. Using SEMMED it is possible to produce regional maps of erosion assessments, which are of more practical use in land use planning and land management than simple extrapolations from small plot experiments.     

新疆苔藓植物的研究历史

1.引言新疆居于欧亚大陆的腹地,是典型的干旱地貌区,总的特点是,高耸宽大的山脉与广阔的盆地相间排列,由南至北为昆仑山、塔里木盆地、天山、准噶尔盆地、阿尔泰山。天山横亘中部,将新疆分为两部分(即南疆和北疆)。山地的地势相差悬殊,昆仑山乔戈里峰海拔8611m,为世界第二高峰,吐鲁番盆地最低处为-154m,是中国大陆最低点,高差达8765m。由于新疆的自然地理特点决定了它独特而复杂的基本气候特征为寒冷而干燥。因降水少,除山区有少数针叶林外,大部为干旱、半干旱草原或荒漠。在植物地理上,新疆位于欧亚森林亚区、欧亚草原亚区、中亚荒漠亚区、亚洲中部荒漠亚区和中国喜马拉雅植物亚区的     

草地生产力遥感动力模拟模型

根据植物光合作用机理和太阳辐射在植冠层中的传输方程,推导光合作用产物与叶面积指数关系的解析式和叶面积指数与植被指数关系的解析式,通过复合函数求导得到光合作用产物与植被指数关系的解析式,建立草地生产力遥感动力模拟模型.利用1992-1994年的产草量资料和对应时相的NOAA/AVHRR资料建立草地生产力光谱监测模型和卫星遥感监测模型,验证结果表明,用卫星资料可以准确监测草地生产力.     

Effects of interactive scale-dependent variables on beetle diversity patterns in a semi-arid agricultural landscape

Understanding species-diversity patterns in heterogeneous landscapes invites comprehensive research on how scale-dependent processes interact across scales. We used two common beetle families (Tenebrionidae, detrivores; Carabidae, predators) to conduct such a study in the heterogeneous semi-arid landscape of the Southern Judean Lowland (SJL) of Israel, currently undergoing intensive fragmentation. Beetles were censused in 25 different-sized patches (500–40,000 m²). We used Fisher’s α and non-parametric extrapolators to estimate species diversity from 11,125 individuals belonging to 56 species. Patch characteristics (plant species diversity and cover, soil cover and degree of stoniness) were measured by field transects. Spatial variables (patch size, shape, physiognomy and connectivity) and landscape characteristics were analyzed by GIS and remote-sensing applications. Both patch-scale and landscape-scale variables affected beetle species diversity. Path-analysis models showed that landscape-scale variables had the strongest effect on carabid diversity in all patches. The tenebrionids responded differently: both patch-scale and landscape-scale variables affected species diversity in small patches, while mainly patch-scale variables affected species diversity in large patches. Most of the paths affected species diversity both directly and indirectly, combining the effects of both patch-scale and landscape-scale variables. These results match the biology of the two beetle families: Tenebrionidae, the less mobile and more site-attached family, responded to the environment in a fine-grained manner, while the highly dispersed Carabidae responded to the environment in a coarse-grained manner. We suggest that understanding abiotic and biotic variable interactions across scales has important consequences for our knowledge of community structure and species diversity patterns at large spatial scales.     

定量遥感参数与作物肥水模型链接初探

针对当前作物肥水模型和定量遥感参数在农业上应用的各自局限性 ,提出通过完善定量遥感的输出接口和作物模型的输入接口 ,将定量遥感参数与作物肥水模型进行链接 ,通过建立不同生育时段订正的绿度指数和叶片氮素分段函数以及订正的湿度指数与耕层土壤、植株水分及产量品质函数 ,使得生产上大范围、动态的肥水监测成为可能 ,最后对应用链接模型通过不同肥水管理措施对作物产量和品质进行调控的前景进行了展望     

Tracking environmental dynamics and agricultural intensification in southern Mali

The Office de la Haute Vallée du Fleuve Niger (OHVN) zone in southern Mali is a small but important agricultural production region. Against a background of environmental degradation including decades of declining rainfall, soil erosion, and human pressure on forest resources, numerous farming communities stand out through the use of improved soil and water management practices that have improved agricultural and environmental conditions. Field surveys conducted in 1998–2001 indicated that environmental and agricultural conditions have improved in the past decade. In an effort to better quantify environmental trends, we conducted a study using medium- and high-resolution remotely sensed images from 1965 to 2001 in order to analyze land use and land cover trends in 21 village territories. The trends show clear indications of agricultural intensification and diversification among villages that have received assistance from the OHVN agricultural development agency. Some communities have improved environmental conditions by protecting their forest resources through community management actions. Four decades of remotely sensed images played a practical role in tracking and quantifying environmental and agricultural conditions over time.     

基于TRMM遥感数据的旱涝时空特征分析

基于光学遥感数据反演的植被指数和地表温度进行旱涝灾害监测在时间上具有滞后性,降水数据可以更加及时直观地反映地表干湿状态的变化,目前旱涝灾害监测应用地面点上降水观测站点的数据较多,热带降雨测量卫星(TRMM)被动微波遥感为大面积进行旱涝灾害监测提供了可能。利用江苏省1998年1月—2014年3月的TRMM 3B43月降水资料,采用尺度为12的标准化降水指数(SPI12),分析江苏省旱涝时空特征变化规律。分析结果表明:江苏省16年来发生旱涝灾害的几率为34.08%,其中发生旱灾的几率(16.74%)与发生涝灾的几率(17.34%)相接近;江苏省一年四季都易受到旱涝灾害的影响且旱灾与涝灾具有交替出现的特点;1999—2014年间多次出现较严重的旱涝灾害,且江苏中部地区更易受到旱涝灾害的影响。     

大比例尺卫片在徐州市城区土地利用动态监测中的应用

以徐州市区为监测范围,采用TM假彩色合成图象,对该市土地利用现状进行解译调查。与历史资料比较,对该市土地利用的动态变化情况进行监测,同时对这种方法的可行性、该市地类变化情况以及监测结果进行分析。     

粮食单产遥感预测方法

本文介绍了通过时序遥感植被指数进行粮食单产预测的方法。以NOAA-AVHRR数据为基础数据源，提取区域作物生长过程曲线，并对曲线进行时序分析，提取曲线特征参数，采用参数-产量拟合法、产量分解法和产量差值法三种建模方法，分别对各参数与粮食单产、波动单产和差值单产进行相关分析，得到区域粮食单产敏感因子，并采用线性拟合的方法建立各地区不同类型的单产预测模型，从三种模型中选取置信度最高的模型作为最终单产预测模型。依据此方法对全国26个秋粮主产省份2004年单产进行预测，并将最终的预测结果与国家统计局数据进行对比分析．两者之间的误差在-4．9至11．59之间．相关系数为0．947。