基于RS和GIS技术的山东省盐碱类湿地资源调查研究(英文)

湿地调查是湿地保护和合理利用的基础。该研究基于 Landsat TM 遥感数据,采用计算机自动分类和目视解译相结合的方法,完成了山东省盐碱类湿地信息提取和分类。研究显示,滩涂湿地为第一大盐碱类湿地类型,所占面积比例为 33.8%;第二大盐碱类湿地类型为盐田,所占面积比例为20.3%;其次是重盐碱化湿地,占 18.5%。山东省盐碱类湿地以天然湿地为主,占盐碱类湿地总面积的 60.1%。天然湿地的生物多样性、生态功能和价值远远高于人工湿地,而天然湿地数量减少、功能退化的趋势仍在继续,保护有限的天然湿地资源,刻不容缓。     

吉林省自然旅游资源现状遥感调查及综合评价

在确定评价自然旅游资源的指标的基础上,利用遥感手段提取各评价指标(林地、草地等);使用层次分析法计算各评价指标的权重,并且运用GIS的空间处理和综合分析功能,以吉林省的50个县为研究单位,对所提取的评价指标进行分析、统计、处理及叠加,对吉林省自然旅游资源进行了评价。     

基于遥感和GIS技术的水边线提取方法研究进展

海岸带是人类活动最活跃和开发利用强度最大的区域之一,快速而准确地监测海岸线的动态变化对于海岸带及近岸海域使用管理具有十分重要的意义。卫星遥感技术具有大尺度、全天候、快速、高频度动态观测和低成本等突出优势。综述了基于遥感影像和GIS技术的瞬时水边线自动提取方法的研究进展,重点介绍了阈值分割法、边缘检测法、数学形态学法、神经网络分类、小波变换法、分形理论法等方法自动提取瞬时水边线,分析了各种方法的优缺点,针对其存在的不足展望了今后的研究方向,并探讨了水边线提取技术研究在近海水产养殖增殖中的应用。     

城市扩张对景观格局变化影响研究

以沈阳市为例,对四期遥感影像进行了景观类型分类提取,并分析了城市扩张、景观指数变化以及两者之间的相关性。结果表明:1979～2007年沈阳市城市用地快速增长,耕地逐年减少;景观类型趋于多样化;景观破碎化程度日趋复杂;城市扩张与景观格局变化相关性明显。     

基于NDVI估算植被体散射的土壤水分反演研究

[目的]为通过植被指数方法进行土壤水分估算和旱情监测提供依据。[方法]以新疆渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,雷达数据和光学遥感数据相结合,对干旱区绿洲进行土壤和植被水分信息的提取。[结果]在同期光学遥感影像数据提取叶面积指数基础上,利用简化的“MIMIcs模型”从雷达数据总的后向散射中去除植被的影响,建立土壤后向散射系数与土壤含水量之间的关系。[结论]主被动遥感数据结合在干旱区土壤水分反演时去除植被影响有较好的效果。     

Reflectance-based assessment of spider mite “bio-response” to maize leaves and plant potassium content in different irrigation regimes

It is widely accepted that pest infestations elicit a change in plant physiology, which cause detectable changes in crop leaf reflectance. In this study, we test the hypothesis that crop leaf reflectance may also be used to forecast the risk of pest infestation before they actually occur. We collected reflectance data in 160 spectral bands from 405 to 907 nm from excised leaf pieces from field grown maize plants under 3 irrigation regimes. Leaf material was collected at weekly intervals in two growing seasons. The same leaf pieces were used in choice bioassays with carmine spider mites to assess attractiveness to mites (spider mite “bio-response”) across irrigation regimes. In one growing season, we also obtained nutritional element data (lipid, protein, soluble sugar, starch, lignin, Ca, P, Mg, K, S, and Cl) from whole maize plants. Principal component analysis showed that potassium content (K) was highly negatively correlated with spider mite bio-response. Relative reflectance at 740 nm showed a highly significant and positive trend across spider mite bio-response classes, and that potassium content showed a highly significant and negative trend across the same classes. Thus, we argue that relative reflectance at 740 nm may be used to predict both potassium content and risk of spider mite infestation. Based on extensive reviews, potassium leaf content is known to reduce susceptibility of crops to pests. The results presented provide encouraging support for remotely sensed risk assessment of pest infestations through reflectance-based monitoring of maize leaf attractiveness and highlight that reflectance based monitoring of crop susceptibility may be possible through careful management of macro element crop properties, such as potassium content.     

富阳市湿地资源现状分析与保护对策研究

采用遥感卫片判读和野外人工调查相结合的方法,调查得出富阳市各类湿地的面积数量和空间分布,并进一步分析湿地的成因、水源补给和受威胁状况,提出加强湿地宣传教育、提高全社会的湿地保护意识,完善地方法规、加强湿地综合管理和建立完善的湿地监测体系等相应的保护对策.     

Land Use – Land Cover Conversion, Regeneration and Degradation in the High Elevation Bolivian Andes

Regional land-cover change affects biodiversity, hydrology, and biogeochemical cycles at local, watershed, and landscape scales. Developing countries are experiencing rapid land cover change, but assessment is often restricted by limited financial resources, accessibility, and historical data. The assessment of regional land cover patterns is often the first step in developing conservation and management plans. This study used remotely sensed land cover and topographic data (Landsat and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission), supervised classification techniques, and spectral mixture analysis to characterize current landscape patterns and quantify land cover change from 1985 to 2003 in the Altiplano (2535–4671 m) and Intermediate Valley (Mountain) (1491–4623 m) physiographic zones in the Southeastern Bolivian Andes. Current land cover was mapped into six classes with an overall accuracy of 88% using traditional classification techniques and limited field data. The land cover change analysis showed that extensive deforestation, desertification, and agricultural expansion at a regional scale occurred in the last 20 years (17.3% of the Mountain Zone and 7.2% of the Altiplano). Spectral mixture analysis (SMA) indicated that communal rangeland degradation has also occurred, with increases in soil and non-photosynthetic vegetation fractions in most cover classes. SMA also identified local areas with intensive management activities that are changing differently from the overall region (e.g., localized areas of increased green vegetation). This indicates that actions of local communities, governments, and environmental managers can moderate the potentially severe future changes implied by the results of this study.     

利用遥感技术监测锡林郭勒天然草原利用强度方法初探

利用多时相的遥感数据，对2005年锡林郭勒天然草原生长期放牧利用强度进行了信息提取、监测和制图。结果表明：在牧草生长季节，天然草原各旬度的利用强度与植被指数旬度变动系数成反比，并与降雨和植被长势时空分布格局相一致；放牧初期旬度变动系数下降4％左右，利用强度较轻，处于轻度过牧状态；6月中旬以后，旬度变动系数下降12％～20％之间，利用强度加重，处于中度超载过牧状态；8月下旬后植物生长停止，旬度变动系数下降27％左右，利用强度最重，处于重度超载过牧状态。遥感监测结果经过地面同步采集数据验证，监测精度达到79．6％。     

Using remote sensing to predict outbreaks of Oestrus ovis in Namibia

The Directorate of Veterinary Services of the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Rural Development of Namibia issues warnings to farmers in the south of the country about the likelihood of infestation of small-stock by the nasal bot fly, Oestrus ovis. Farmers can then treat their stock at the most appropriate time. The O. ovis puparia develop at shallow depths in the soil and the timing of emergence is directly dependent on climatic conditions, specifically the number of degree-days above a particular threshold soil temperature. Based on temperature measurements from only a few stations scattered throughout the country, the veterinary department warnings lack precision in space and time. This paper presents an attempt to support the programme of warnings with accumulated temperature information from Meteosat satellite images, in order to strengthen predictions of the time of emergence in specific places, and to improve the precision and reliability of warnings given to farmers.