不同水肥条件下白羊草光合生理生态特征研究 Ⅲ.叶绿素荧光参数

本研究揭示了不同土壤养分条件下,黄土丘陵区乡土草种白羊草(Bothriochloa ischaemum L.Keng.)对土壤水分短期变化的光合生理响应及其适应性,旨在为充分发挥其光合潜力以及黄土丘陵区白羊草人工草地的建设与管理提供科学依据。采用盆栽控制试验,比较研究3种养分(CK,P和NP)处理下白羊草叶绿素荧光动力学参数对土壤短期水分胁迫和旱后复水的响应特征。结果表明:充分供水条件下,P与NP处理显著提高了白羊草叶片最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)和实际光化学效率(Φ_PSⅡ),使表观光合电子传递速率(ETR)升高,且降低了非辐射性能量耗散(NPQ)。短期干旱胁迫下,P与NP处理的F_v/F_m降幅显著低于CK处理,复水1 d后的F_v/F_m恢复水平均显著高于CK处理(P<0.05),表明P和NP营养有助于增强白羊草对短期干旱胁迫的耐旱性及复水后叶片光合功能的恢复能力。     

NaCl胁迫对新疆罗布麻种子萌发的影响

研究了不同浓度的NaCl溶液对罗布麻种子萌发的影响及复水后罗布麻种子的萌发情况。结果表明，NaCl对罗布麻种子的萌发有明显的抑制作用，种子的发芽率与盐浓度之间呈显著的负相关关系，种子萌发时盐胁迫的适宜值、临界值、极限值分别是0．30mol／L、0．60mol／L、0．90mol／L。盐胁迫解除后，罗布麻种子仍具较高的发芽率，且发芽速度和整齐度较高。     

The influence of desiccation and rehydration on the survival of polyembryonic seed of Citrus suhuiensis cv. limau madu

A study was carried out to investigate the influence of desiccation and freezing followed by various presowing rehydration procedures on the desiccation sensitivity of the seed of Citrus suhuiensis cv. limau madu. The freshly harvested seeds of limau madu were desiccated under a broad range of relative humidity (RH) to various equilibrium water contents (g H₂O g⁻¹ dw). The desiccated and desiccated–frozen seeds were either directly sown under germination conditions or subjected to presowing rehydration procedures: seed preheating, prehumidification and osmoconditioning. The hydrated and desiccated seeds were sown in controlled germination conditions and the survival was evaluated 4–6 weeks after sowing. The results showed that desiccation progressively reduced the percentage of normal seedling of the seeds of limau madu and the viability is almost lost at water contents below 0.08 g H₂O g⁻¹ dw. The estimated desiccation sensitivity was substantially high (WC₅₀ = 0.143 g H₂O g⁻¹ dw) when the desiccated seeds were rapidly rehydrated (uncontrolled rehydration). In contrast, seed prehumidification, preheating and osmoconditioning (controlled rehydration procedures) markedly enhanced normal seedling percentages decreasing the estimated values of WC₅₀ (between 0.08 and 0.127 g H₂O g⁻¹ dw). While the rapidly rehydrated desiccated–frozen seeds were almost killed at water content of 0.15 g H₂O g⁻¹ dw, prehumidification and preheating have noticeably increased percentage of frozen seeds survival at the same water content. However, at water content of 0.21 g H₂O g⁻¹ dw preheating significantly (P < 0.05) increased percentage of normal seedling of the frozen seeds. Seed desiccation markedly reduced the percentages of germinated seeds with multiple seedlings. Seed controlled rehydration remarkably increased the survival of polyembryos. The beneficial effect of seed controlled rehydration on the survival of the desiccated seeds was pronounced at medium water contents (0.08–0.25 g H₂O g⁻¹ dw).     

微波真空干燥对虾的试验研究

该文利用微波真空方法进行了中国明对虾的干燥试验研究,探讨了微波功率密度、间歇方式和真空度对物料的干燥速度、收缩率和复水率的影响。结果表明:微波功率密度是影响对虾干燥速度和特性的主要因素,随着微波功率密度的增大,干燥速度加快,干品收缩率减小,在2W/g微波功率密度条件下干燥的物料具有较大的复水率;微波间歇时间越长干燥速度越慢,干品复水率越低,连续无间歇方式干燥的对虾具有较小的收缩率和较大的复水率;真空度对干燥速度的影响较小,但是较高真空度（0.090 MPa）干燥的对虾具有较大的复水率和较小的收缩率。      

大蒜热泵干燥生产工艺的研究

[目的]研究不同热泵干燥条件对脱水蒜片质量的影响,以期建立高质量脱水蒜片的热泵干燥生产工艺,为脱水蔬菜中的工业化生产提供参考。[方法]探讨了干燥温度、干燥风速、物料填充量3个因素对蒜片热泵干燥速率的影响,并对产品的复水率、理化指标进行了分析。[结果]干燥温度、风速以及物料装料量都是影响热泵干燥蒜片干燥速率的重要因素。在干燥温度65℃,风速1.8m/min,物料装料量2.6kg/m2,干燥时间6.5h的工艺条件下,脱水蒜片的平均水分含量为5.6%,在复水时间30min时,脱水蒜片的复水率为91.66%,各项理化指标均达到出口标准。[结论]热泵干燥生产的脱水蒜片质量较好,该工艺可以应用于脱水蒜片的工业化规模生产中。     

Ultrastructural analysis of the loss of desiccation tolerance in germinating Eremanthus erythropappus seeds

Eremanthus erythropappus(DC.)MacLeish is an important forest species native to the Brazilian savanna biome,an environment with well-defined rainy and dry seasons.Its seeds are desiccation tolerant,non-dormant and dispersed at the end of dry season.This exposes them to the first sporadic rains that can trigger germination but the subsequent dry days can compromise survival of the newly germinated seed.This study evaluates if the damages caused by drying of germinating E.erythropappus seeds,at the stage when they have lost desiccation tolerance,are lethal.The percentage of normal seedlings was evaluated when seeds with different imbibition times were dried to their initial water content and then pre-humidified and rehydrated.Desiccation tolerance was fully lost after 0.5 mm of hypocotyl-radicle protrusion(approximately 72 h)when the radicle had root hairs,a possible indicator of sensitivity to desiccation.Disintegration of cell contents and ultrastructural damage to the seeds subjected to drying were observed by electron scanning microscope.Root hairs disappeared after drying,reappearing after pre-humidification,possibly an attempt to increase the surface area of the radicle for water uptake.However,the hypocotylradicle axis became darkened,probably by antioxidant system failure,causing seed death.     

不同干燥方法对豆腐柴叶凝胶特性的影响

[目的]研究不同干燥方法对干制豆腐柴叶复水性和凝胶强度的影响。[方法]采用自然干燥、热风干燥、微波干燥3种方法分别对豆腐柴叶进行干燥。[结果]微波干燥最佳,其干燥的豆腐柴叶复水性最好,制成的凝胶最好;自然干燥法效果最差。[结论]该研究筛选出豆腐柴叶干燥的最佳方法,为豆腐柴食品的全年生产提供了参考。     

Effect of osmolality on net fluid absorption in non-infected and ETEC-infected piglet small intestinal segments

In the small intestinal segment perfusion model the effect of osmolality on net fluid absorption in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-infected and non-infected small intestinal segments of piglets was investigated. In ETEC-infected segments net fluid absorption was reduced. Lowering the osmolality from 375 to 150 mOsmol/l by reducing sodium chloride concentrations increased net fluid absorption. There was a linear relationship between osmolality and net fluid absorption for both non-infected and ETEC-infected segments. Below 150 mOsmol/l the inverse relationship between osmolality and net fluid absorption disappeared. Substitution of sodium chloride with mannitol decreased net fluid absorption since mannitol cannot be actively absorbed. In ETEC-infected segments perfused with oral rehydration solution net fluid absorption significantly increased compared to a sodium chloride solution of similar osmolality, probably because of the high glucose concentration. Supplying hypotonic sodium chloride fluids to piglets can be beneficial in replenishing water and electrolyte losses in case of infectious diarrhoea.     

砂藓抗旱相关基因磷脂酶D的克隆和表达分析

磷脂酶D是广泛存在于植物中的一种磷脂酶,在细胞结构组成和生理功能的变化中具有非常重要的作用。在本研究中,以在砂藓(Racomitrium canescens)转录组数据库中获得的一条与抗旱相关的磷脂酶D基因为基础,采用RT-PCR技术克隆得到该基因的全长CDS序列,命名为Rc PLD。生物信息学分析结果表明,Rc PLD基因c DNA全长1 420 bp,含有894 bp的开放阅读框,能够编码长度为297个氨基酸的多肽链。Rc PLD蛋白质的生物信息学分析结果表明,Rc PLD相对分子质量为33.192 k D,理论等电点p I为6.60,不含有跨膜结构,存在信号肽,具有磷脂酶D的保守结构域,属于不稳定的疏水性蛋白质。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,在砂藓的复水过程和脱水处理条件下Rc PLD基因均有差异表达,说明该基因可能参与砂藓中响应干旱胁迫的某些生理代谢途径。本研究可为苔藓植物中抗旱机制的研究提供理论基础。     

山药真空干燥工艺的研究

为了研究在真空干燥条件下山药片的干燥特性,进而为其真空干燥确定适宜的工艺参数,选用3种真空度0.05、0.06和0.07 MPa,在3种干燥温度45、50和60℃条件下对鲜山药片进行真空干燥试验,测定不同干燥工艺条件下山药片的干燥特性,并进行复水比较试验.试验结果表明,山药片真空干燥适宜工艺条件为0.06 MPa和50℃,复水最佳条件为温度60℃,时间为40 min.