甜叶菊种子高效生产技术

根据生产实际,总结出甜叶菊种子高效生产技术。     

不同光照周期下鲇幼鱼的日摄食节律

水温(23±1)℃,研究了鲇幼鱼自然光照、持续光照(自然光或日光灯作光源)和持续黑暗条件下的日摄食节律.试验结果表明,3种光照周期下,鲇幼鱼昼夜均有连续摄食特性,期间具有明显的摄食高峰(夜间)和低谷(白天),鲇幼鱼有明显的日摄食节律;持续黑暗与自然光照周期下的鲇幼鱼日摄食节律基本一致,持续光照与自然光照周期下的鲇幼鱼日摄食节律有所差异.研究证明,鲇幼鱼在3种光照周期下均属于典型的夜晚摄食类型;光照周期的改变对鲇幼鱼的日摄食率无显著影响(P>0.05).     

Application of crop growth simulation and mathematical modeling to supply chain management in the Thai sugar industry

The poorly integrated cane supply planning between mills and cane growers in the Northeast of Thailand generates an excess of cane supplies that exceeds the mills’ capacity during the peak of harvest season. Each grower individually determines his/her cultivation plan by selecting planting dates and cultivars based on one’s own preference without taking into account the individual mill’s capacity and other growers’ plans. This situation causes most sugarcane grown in this area to reach its mature stage at the same period. In this study, we propose a framework of cultivation planning to cope with the problem. The focus of the cultivation plan is a long-term plan to determine the cultivation time, the cultivar selection and the corresponding prospective harvesting time window for each field such that overall sugar production is optimized.The crop growth model and a mathematical model are employed for yield simulation and optimization task. The crop growth model enables decision-makers to visualize cane production of each individual field at different dates with different cultivars and allow decision-makers to apply the mathematical programming to cultivation planning. The suggested framework has the potential to increase sugar production by 23% when compared to the traditional method.     

Transpositional feeding rhythm of loach <Emphasis Type="Italic">Misgurnus anguillicaudatus</Emphasis> from larvae to juveniles and its ontogenesis under artificial rearing conditions

The diel feeding rhythm and ontogenesis during early life stage of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were investigated under experimental conditions (light: L 06:00–18:00, D 18:00–06:00 h). Morphological and behavioral developments of loach from newly hatched to 40 days after hatching were observed. Larvae were able to prey on daphnia 3–4 days after hatching at 23 ± 0.5°C. As the larvae grew, they showed an increasing feeding capacity and a distinct feeding rhythm. Feeding intensity and incidence for day-4 larvae were highest at 10:00 and 16:00 h. The highest levels of feeding intensity for day-12 larvae occurred at 08:00, 12:00, and 18:00 h as did feeding incidence. By day 20, when the larvae metamorphosed, the highest levels of feeding intensity occurred at 06:00, 18:00, and 24:00 h and were concurrent with the highest feeding incidence. After metamorphosis, feeding capacity had again increased considerably and, in contrast to the earlier stages before day 20, feeding intensity for day-30 juveniles peaked at 05:00 and 20:00 h, about 1–2 h after the maximum feeding incidence. The feeding rhythm of loach juveniles at day 40 was almost the same as the day-30 juveniles. The estimated maximum daily feeding rates were 43.1%, 33.4%, 19.0%, 12.8%, and 5.8% of body weight on days 4, 12, 20, 30, and 40, respectively. Thus, loach was found to have different feeding rhythms in the pre- and post-metamorphosis stages, with the highest feeding activity in daytime during the larval planktonic stage before metamorphosis, and intensely nocturnal feeding behavior during the juvenile benthic stage after metamorphosis.     

燕麦马铃薯间作对燕麦光合特性及产量的影响

为揭示马铃薯-燕麦间作体系中燕麦产量形成的光合机制,在宁夏南部山区,通过田间小区试验,以单作燕麦为对照,在马铃薯-燕麦间作行数比为2∶2(P2O2)、4∶2(P4O2)、4∶8(P4O8)模式下,用灰色关联度评价法对燕麦旗叶的蒸腾速率、气孔导度、净光合速率、水分利用效率及叶绿素含量5个光合指标和籽粒产量进行了研究.结果...     

世界大麦生产的现状及特点

从收获面积、总产及单产的变化趋势分析了世界大麦生产的现状,概述了世界大麦在各大洲及各主产国的生产情况,总结了世界大麦生产的特点。     

绿色农业与标准化生产

近年来随着现代农业的发展,农业生态环境及食品安全问题日益突出。由于不合理使用化肥、农药,食品中残留的有害物质得不到有效控制,食品安全问题成为当今我国传统农业生产中难以逾越的发展壁垒。为了防止食品污染,保护农业生态环境及人类自身健康,发展绿色农业及标准化生产是当前乃至今后一个时期内我国农业发展的必然选择。尤其对黑龙江垦区广大机械化程度相对较高、管理体制较为健全、规模化生产日趋合理的农场。努力打造绿色品牌,把食品安全问题上升到战略高度,成为垦区农业不断创新与发展的必然选择。     

大黄鱼仔鱼摄食节律与生长的初步研究

本文研究了大黄鱼仔鱼的昼夜摄食习性及生长。实验结果表明:全长5.0—5.5mm的大黄鱼仔鱼具有明显的昼夜摄食节律,白天摄食,夜间不摄食。白天有三个摄食高峰,以下午13:00最高,早上9:00和下午17:00次之。仔鱼在12日龄前生长较慢,12日龄后生长明显加快。全长与日龄之间的关系可用方程TL=3.7545e~(0.047D)表示。     

广西贵港市甘蔗生产及机械化发展现状分析

甘蔗生产机械化是我国农业机械化发展的“短板”之一,深入了解甘蔗种植和机械化发展的基本情况,对推动甘蔗生产机械化有很重要的意义。本文通过对广西甘蔗主产区之一的贵港市农村、农场甘蔗生产情况的调研,分析了该地区甘蔗生产现状和机械化的发展进程。广西贵港市甘蔗种植地段丘陵山区较多、地块较小,同时,现阶段的机器设备技术和“三包”维修服务不完善,作业服务费用较高,惠农政策不健全等,导致了甘蔗生产机械化进程缓慢。应积极推行由政府引导,科研部门、企业、相关组织和种植户等全力配合的经营服务模式,促进甘蔗生产全程机械化得以早日实现。     

新疆盐渍化土地种植耐盐小麦效应分析

在新疆盐渍化土地种植耐盐冬小麦试验示范结果表明，盐碱弃耕地和盐碱荒地种植“石冬5号”耐盐冬小麦，脱盐效果较好，比种植其他作物有较高的经济效益和社会效益；结合种植深根系牧草，有利于改良低产盐渍化土地，提高土地生产力，具有现实的增产效益和长期生产效应；实行作物轮作倒茬，可防止耕地再度次生盐渍化，为提高盐渍化土地生产力寻求了有效途径。