水稻田间育秧精密播种机设计与试验

为提高田间育秧播种机的播种合格率和播种稳定均匀性,设计了一种适用于南方水稻田间育秧的精密播种机。在深入分析螺旋勺轮式播种器的播种原理,以及播种器行走控制系统的基础上,采用正交试验方法,研究了螺旋勺轮的凹槽深度、螺旋升角、播种器行走速度对播种合格率和空穴率的影响规律,得出杂交稻播种合格率和空穴率影响因素的最佳参数组合:凹槽深度h为3 mm、螺旋升角α为81.73°、播种器行走速度v为0.35 m/s。试验表明,采用闭环控制系统后的播种机播种杂交稻2~6粒/格合格率由87.14%提升到93.21%,常规稻3~8粒/格的播种合格率为92.14%,播种性能满足常规稻和杂交稻精密播种育秧的技术要求。     

装载机工作装置横梁安装可行域CAD

建立了装栽机工作装置横梁安装可行域ＣＡＤ（计算机辅助设计）数学模型，编制了相应的绘图程序，绘图结果为实际设计提供了理论依据。     

玉米收获机拉茎辊的改进设计

针对摘穗板-拉茎辊组合式摘穗装置在玉米收获过程中存在的问题,对拉茎辊进行改进设计。改进后的拉茎辊叶片轴采用无缝钢管经模具拉伸成型,整个叶片轴是一体的,叶片棱面为圆弧结构,并且将叶片轴后端与销轴连接的卡槽尺寸加大,加装金属耐磨套。该改进方案解决了传统拉茎辊易开焊、振动大、寿命短等问题。利用Solid Works软件对改进后拉茎辊进行有限元分析得知:应力和最大应变主要分布在拉茎辊后端的U型槽内,最大位移分布在叶片棱上,都在材料的变化范围内,改进方案合理。     

双向竖井贯流泵站模型泵装置模型试验

按照流体力学相似原理建立了黄麻涌双向竖井贯流泵站流道的装置模型,试验测定了模型泵装置在指定叶片角度下运行的装置综合特性曲线,将泵装置综合特性曲线换算成原型泵的特性曲线,同时试验测定在不同工况运行状态下的汽蚀性能,并观察进出水流道的流态,得到了汽蚀性能结果,提出了建设泵站的注意事项和相应的改进措施。     

The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

The purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility and significance of applying spatially variable irrigation under a central pivot system at the Federal German Agricultural Research Center, Braunschweig, Germany. The assessment was based on soil moisture holding capacity, soil depth variation and root development. Soil texture analysis was carried out by sampling on a 60 meter grid. The German Agro-Meteorological Model was applied to simulate the water balance in the crop-soil-atmosphere system for the growing season 2003/4. The research findings are presented in terms of six scenarios: 20, 30, 40 mm water application depths per irrigation under both variable rate application and uniform application. The comparison revealed that the loss of water was higher for the uniform application scenarios than that for the variable rate application (VRA) scenarios for the applications of 20 and 30 mm. The VRA scenario of 20 mm water application was found out to be the best option for water conservation.     

油菜收获机清选装置虚拟样机的建模与仿真实验

针对油菜收获机清选装置的设计及改进过程中存在的各种问题,以DF-1.5型物料脱粒分离、清选仿真与控制试验台为原型,建立风筛清选装置的虚拟样机模型,并对不同机械系统工作参数下,油菜物料在清选装置中的运动规律进行初步的仿真研究。     

A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture

This paper describes the development of a systems based model to characterise farmers’ decision-making process in information-intensive practices, and its evaluation in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA). A participative methodology was developed in which farm managers decomposed their process of decision-making into brief decision statements along with associated information requirements. The methodology was first developed on a university research farm in Denmark and further revised during testing on a number of research and commercial farms in Indiana, USA. Twenty-one decision-analysis factors were identified to characterise a farm manager’s decision-making process. Then, a general data flow diagram (DFD) was constructed that describes the information flows “from data to decision”. Illustrative examples of the model in the form of DFDs are presented for a strategic, a tactical and an operational decision. The model was validated for a range of decisions related to operations by three university farm managers and by five commercial farmers practicing PA for cereal, corn and soybean production in Denmark and in Indiana, USA.     

大中型泵站行星变速传动装置的分析与应用

简单地分析了国内大、中型泵站传动装置的现状，讨论了泵站用变速调节装置的作用，并对现有的双速电机调速、液力耦合器和磁力耦合器调速以及变频调速装置进行了分析和讨论，指出了其适用的局限性。提出了一种用新型2X-H型行星齿轮变速箱调节泵速度的方法，给出了3种具体方案。通过对各方案的配齿进行具体计算和分析，得出第2种方案具有行星轮系的结构简单，传动效率高的特点。     

磁吸式精密排种原理分析与试验

针对蔬菜、花卉种子体积小、质量小及形状不规则的特点 ,提出了一种新的排种方式——磁吸式精密排种。应用有关磁选理论 ,建立了磁吸式精密排种的力学模型 ,得出了单粒磁粉包衣种子在气隙磁场中所受磁力的计算公式 ,分析了实现精密排种的基本条件。通过对白菜、番茄种子的排种试验 ,其单粒精播率达 90 % ,漏播率低于5 % ,说明这一排种方式具有较高的播种精度和对不同类型种子良好的适应性。     

基于Matlab的挖掘机工作装置动力学方程

根据机械手结构原理，将液压挖掘机工作装置机器人化。运用拉格朗日功能平衡法，结合Matlab软件编程运算，构造了工作装置的动力学模型。输入已知参数即可由程序快速、准确地输出动力学方程，为进一步研究自动控制和仿真问题奠定了基础。