Changes of intracellular potassium activity and membrane potential in guinea pig ventricular myocardium during superfusion with low sodium solutions and effects of low pH

AIM:To investigate the changes in intracellular potassium activity(aⁱK) and membrane potential(V_m) induced by low external sodium infusion (Low [Na]_o) and to detect the mechanisms involved and the relationship between aⁱK and V_m. METHODS:aⁱK and V_m were measured in infusion with different sodium concentrations using methods of convenient and ion selective microelectrodes in guinea pig ventricular myocardium. RESULTS:Low [Na]_o resulted in a decrease in aⁱK and an increase in V_m in a Na⁺ concentration-dependent manner.At the same time,contraction and resting potential increased, and action potential duration decreased markedly,but action potential amplitude was not affected. A change of the pH from 7.4 to 7.0 in low [Na]_o solution reduced the decrease in aⁱK, but did not affect the increase in V_m.CONCLUSION:A better linear relationship appeared between the changes in aⁱk and [Na]_o or in V_m and [Na]_o,while during each low [Na]_o the change in both aⁱK or V_m may reach a new balance level.     

Role of potassium channels in the regulation of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in rats

AIM: To investigate the role of potassium channels in the regulation of intracellular free calcium concentration ( [Ca²⁺]_i) of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in rats. METHODS: The fluorescence Ca²⁺ indicator Fura-2/AM was used to observe [Ca²⁺]_i of rat PASMCs in normal and chronic hypoxic condition. The influences of potassium channels on PASMCs proliferation were assessed by MTT assay. RESULTS: 1. In normoxic condition, [Ca²⁺]_i was (156.91±8.60) nmol/L, and in hypoxic condition, [Ca²⁺]_i was (294.01±16.81) nmol/L. 2. In normoxic condition, the voltage-dependent K⁺-channel antagonist 4-aminopyridine (4AP), but not the Ca²⁺-activated K⁺-channel antagonist tetraethylammonium (TEA) and the ATP-sensitive K⁺-channel antagonist glibenclamide (Glib) increased [Ca²⁺]_i. 3. In hypoxic condition, 4AP and TEA caused the rise in [Ca²⁺]_i , but Glib had no effect on [Ca²⁺]_i. 4. MTT assay showed that 4AP increased the value of absorbing light degree (A value) in normoxic and hypoxic condition (0.582±0.062,0.873±0.043,respectively, P＜0.01), TEA increased A value only in hypoxic condition, and Glib had no effect on the proliferation of PASMCs. CONCLUSIONS: K_V plays an important role in the regulation of [Ca²⁺]_i and proliferation of PASMCs. K_Ca serves as distinct responsive roles in the regulation of proliferation of PASMCs in hypoxic condition. K_ATP has no effect on [Ca²⁺]_i and proliferation of PASMCs in normoxic and hypoxic conditions.     

南方酸化红壤钾素淋溶对施石灰的响应

为探究石灰施用的长期和短期效应对酸化红壤钾素的影响,依托始于1990年的国家红壤肥力与肥料效益监测长期定位试验,选取化肥氮磷配施(NP)、氮磷钾配施(NPK)、氮磷钾配施+半量秸秆还田(NPKS)及其增加常量石灰(NPL、NPKL、NPKSL)6个处理。室内土柱淋溶试验设置0 L、0.5 L、1 L和1.5 L石灰施用量,监测田间和淋溶后0～50 cm土层速效钾和缓效钾含量、pH及淋溶液中钾离子(K⁺)含量的变化。结果表明:1)施用石灰4年后,与NPKS、NPK、NP相比,各处理均增加了相应土层的缓效钾含量;NPKSL和NPL处理分别增加了0～40 cm和0～10 cm速效钾含量,增幅分别为2.06%～36.39%和27.26%。2)石灰施用量相同,各处理土壤累积K⁺淋溶量由大到小依次为NPKS处理、NPK处理和NP处理。施用石灰减少了NPKS和NPK处理淋溶液中累积K⁺含量,降幅为18.10%～57.70%,且K⁺淋溶率也下降。3)施石灰提高了表层土壤pH;土壤中钾素盈余情况下,石灰当季施用量每增...     

柑桔配施氮、磷、钾肥效应研究初报

本试验研究了在同一施氮水平下，不同水平磷、钾配施及施用不同种类钾肥对柑桔营养、产量及品质的效应。结果表明，紫色黄泥土锦橙园采用适当氮、磷、钾肥配合施用对提高单产及改善果实品质具有明显作用，以株施Ｎ４６０９、Ｐ_２Ｏ_４００ｇ、Ｋ_Ｏ５６０ｇ效果最佳，经济效益也最大。在一定范围内，叶片中的磷、钾养分含量都随磷、钾化肥用量的增加而提高。     

风沙土玉米钾肥适宜用量的研究

田间试验结果表明:在吉林省西部风沙土上,施用钾肥对玉米有明显的增产效果。施用K2O 75kg/hm2,相对增产值为23.6%,化肥利用率达31.7%,千粒重和穗粒数最高,为最佳用量。     

硫酸钾复合肥应用试验

西宁市郊粮油作物施用化肥成份单一,不注重钾肥的施入,使NPK比例失调,许多粮油作物造成倒伏减产,投入高、收益低,施用硫酸钾复合肥可减少其它肥料用量,降低成本取得良好的产量与经济效益。     

青海白唇鹿公鹿血钾指标和红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对青海省大通种牛场18头白唇鹿公鹿三项血钾指标和红细胞钾型进行了研究。结果发现:①被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的血清钾离子浓度为3.7±0.8mmol/L,全血钾离子浓度为27.4±3.0mmol/L,红细胞钾离子浓度为75.4±10.1mmol/L;②按红细胞钾离子浓度判定,全部被检青海白唇鹿公鹿的红细胞钾型为高血钾型。     

河西灌区施钾对啤酒大麦产量及品质的影响

采用土壤养分状况系统研究法（ASI）,又称土壤养分状况综合评价法,研究河西灌区施钾对啤酒大麦产量、品质的影响,并确定甘肃河西灌区合理经济的施钾量。结果表明固定N、P及微量元素等养分后,与不施钾比较。施钾的啤酒大麦的产量增加279～1325kg／hm^2,增幅5．9％～27．9％,千粒重提高0．1～2．8g;钾水平在0～150kg／hm^2范围内,随着施钾量的增加,产量、经济效益、千粒重也随之增加,籽粒粗蛋白含量降低。说明施钾提高了啤酒大麦的产量与经济效益,改善并保证了啤酒大麦的品质,合理经济的钾用量为150kg／hm^2.     

畜禽粪便中钾的有效性及其在土壤中的释放特点

为了解畜禽粪便中钾对农作物的生物有效性,对采自杭州市规模化养殖场的牛粪、猪粪、鸭粪和鸡粪等4 种畜禽粪进行了钾的化学形态分析及其土壤培养试验。结果表明：4 种畜禽粪便中全钾含量在4.87~53.40 g/kg 之间,平均为21.50 g/kg。含钾量由高至低依次为猪粪>鸡粪>鸭粪>牛粪。畜禽粪便中的钾具很高的生物有效性,其中,速效钾占全钾的比例平均为49.4%,缓效钾占全钾的比例平均为32.4%。畜禽粪便施入土壤后,其中大部分钾可在短时间内释放成为土壤有效钾。