对我国食品安全问题的思考

介绍了食品生产、流通以及消费过程中存在的导致食品不安全的因素,论述了食品安全问题的重要性和特殊性,针对这些问题提出了解决食品安全的对策建议.     

An integrated water trading-allocation model, applied to a water market in Australia

Temporary water trading is an established and growing phenomenon in the Australian irrigation sector. However, decision support and planning tools that incorporate economic and biophysical factors associated with temporary water trading are lacking. In this paper the integration of an economic trading model with a hydrologic water allocation model is discussed. The integrated model is used to estimate the impacts of temporary water trading and physical water transfers. The model can incorporate economic and biophysical drivers of water trading. The economic model incorporates the key trade drivers of commodity prices, seasonal water allocations and irrigation deliveries. The hydrologic model is based on the Resource Allocation Model (REALM) framework, which facilitates hydrologic network simulation modelling. It incorporates water delivery system properties and operating rules for the main irrigation and urban centres in a study area.The proposed integration method has been applied to a case study area in northern Victoria, Australia. Simulations were conducted for wet and dry spells, a range of commodity prices and different irrigation distribution system configurations. Some example analyses of scenarios incorporating water trading were undertaken. From these analyses potential bottlenecks to trade that constrain the economic benefits from temporary water trading were identified. Furthermore, it was found that in certain areas of the system, trading can make impacts of long drought spells worse for water users, e.g. irrigators. Thus, the integrated model can be used to quantify short-term and long-term third party impacts arising from temporary water trading. These findings also highlight the need to link “paper trades” (estimated by economic models) to physical water transfers (estimated by biophysical models).     

FSWM: A hybrid fuzzy-stochastic water-management model for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty

A hybrid fuzzy-stochastic water-management (FSWM) model is developed for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty, based on advancement of a multistage fuzzy-stochastic quadratic programming (MFSQP) approach. In MFSQP, uncertainties presented in terms of fuzziness and randomness can be incorporated within a multilayer scenario tree, such that revised decisions are permitted in each time period based on the realized values of the uncertain events. Moreover, fuzzy quadratic terms are used in the objective function to minimize the variation of satisfaction degrees among the constraints; it allows an increased flexibility in controlling the system risk in the optimization process. Results of the case study indicate that useful solutions for the planning of agricultural water management have been obtained. In the FSWM model, a number of policies for agricultural water supply are conducted. The results obtained can help decision makers to identify desired water-allocation schemes for agricultural sustainability under uncertainty, particularly when limited water resources are available for multiple competing users.     

黑龙江省玉米工业加工现状及发展建议

对黑龙江省玉米产业加工能力及产品品种进行了分析比较,指出黑龙江省玉米产业加工已近饱和,但存在产品结构单一、技术含量低等弊端,并对黑龙江省今后发展玉米工业加工提出了制度、政策、创新研究等方面的合理化建议.     

2019年中国荔枝产业发展特征与政策建议

中国荔枝种植面积、产量和产值均居世界首位,单产近年增加快但仍有较大提升潜力。相较于其产业规模,进出口贸易规模很小,且呈现净进口。2019年荔枝产业发展呈现以下特征：种植面积相对稳定,区域减产差异较大;产量因灾大幅下滑,价格水平达历史峰值;荔枝示范园示范效应凸现,抗风险能力显著;荔枝出口同比略减,进口小幅增加;荔枝产业引领乡村振兴,三产融合模式多样化。针对荔枝生产成本持续上升导致比较收益下降、荔枝加工业发展滞后于产业发展需要和冷链流通成本高企阻碍新型流通业态的发展等主要问题,提出相关政策建议。     

家庭经济禀赋、政策认知与农户宅基地流转意愿——基于江西省456份问卷调查

构建科学有效的宅基地流转机制是一个迫切需要解决的基础性课题。笔者利用江西省456户农户的实际调查数据,运用Logit回归模型研究家庭经济禀赋、政策认知对农户宅基地流转意愿的影响。研究结果表明：家庭经济禀赋中非农收入比重、家庭存款、家庭人均年收入对农户宅基地流转意愿具有显著正向影响;政策认知中“一户一宅”认知、流转规定认知程度对农户宅基地流转意愿具有显著负向影响。为此,应进一步提高农户非农就业机会,改善农民务工经商的就业环境、应加快制定“一户一宅”的配套制度,构建更加合理和更具有操作性的宅基地流转政策体系。     

巴基斯坦转基因作物发展概况

近年来,发展中国家在转基因技术与商业化发展上取得了巨大进展。巴基斯坦是同中国有着深厚友谊的国家,是“一带一路”政策亚欧非大陆的重要一站。本文介绍了巴基斯坦转基因技术发展现状及转基因商业化情况,研究其管理框架及政策变化等,分析其在政策、监管、知识产权、消费者认知度等方面存在的问题。研究结果对中国转基因政策的制定具有借鉴意义。     

2021年度国家自然科学基金农学基础与作物学学科项目申请、评审与资助情况分析

为持续推进科学基金改革,促进学科均衡、协调和可持续发展,分析了国家自然科学基金农学基础与作物学学科2021年度新申请代码下的项目申请、评审与资助情况及基于4类科学问题属性的分类申请与资助情况等,提出了项目申请存在的主要问题和建议.     

木兰林管局森林认证面临的主要问题及其建议

论述了森林认证的产生背景、概念、目的以及森林认证在我国的开展情况,并结合森林认证在木兰林管局的试点工作,分析了森林认证工作对森林可持续经营的影响,指出了实施森林认证存在的问题与实施建议。     

光泽县中药材产业现状调研及发展对策

近年来光泽县中药材产业发展较快,但在产业规划、产业结构、政策引导等方面还存在诸多问题。因此,笔者深入相关部门、基层农村组织、专业合作社、中药材种植加工企业,对光泽县中药材产业发展现状进行调研,分析其中存在的问题和原因,在此基础上提出了制定产业发展规划、加强政策引导、扶持龙头企业和开展科企合作的发展对策,以期为光泽县中药材产业发展提供理论依据。