北美引进泡泡树的研究进展

泡泡树是一种原产于北美洲的乔木果树,其果实味美,营养丰富,富含多种矿质元素、维生素和氨基酸,具有较高的开发利用价值.目前,国内的一些科研单位已对泡泡树进行了引种栽培试验,并获得了成功.同时,对泡泡树的营养成分、繁殖技术、种植技术、遗传多样性等方面进行了研究,并取得一定进展.本文将对泡泡树研究现状进行整理,分析当前泡泡树...     

水曲柳育苗密度对苗木质量的影响

水曲柳(Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr.)是东北地区三大珍贵硬阔叶用材树种之一,也是东北地区的造林树种.垄作时,水曲柳育苗密度决定苗木的产量和质量,试验结果表明,当密度达到50株/m时,是水曲柳的最优育苗密度,其苗高、地径、主根长和侧根数最优,高径比上的比例比较合适,有利于优质壮苗的培育.     

A family of segmented polynomial functions for modelling the border effect on the diameter growth of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum)

This paper introduces a family of four segmented (or grafted) polynomial functions for modelling the decrease in the diameter of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum) with distance from the border of the plantation. The functions, each comprising two segments of second degree or less, were fitted to data collected in the Cameroon rain forest. A comparative assessment of the fit was carried out using criteria such as mean deviation, root mean squared deviation, and fit index.

The border effect extended to 10 m inside the plantation where a 50% decrease in diameter occurred. Beyond that distance, the diameter appeared to be stable except for random variation. The estimated functions performed equally well as they all provided a good fit to the data, with a small bias. Most importantly, they proved to be flexible and thus adaptable to a wide variety of situations.

Recommendations are made concerning setting up a guard area and ways of improving the silviculture of Ayous. Also, the possibilities for an agrisilvipastoral system are explored.     

不同种源马尾松造林效果及经济效益对比分析

分不同地位指数级，对比分析了广西容县种源和贵州龙里种源马尾松人工林的林分结构和生长效果的差异。以现实林分蓄积量为基础，结合材种出材量（率）预测模型和研究区的技术经济指标，用动态分析方法进行了经济效果评价。结果表明，在贵州引种广西容县种源是可行的，在相同立地条件，容县种源林分生产力高于贵州龙里种源，树高、胸径、蓄积量分别高１５．０—２１．７％、５．４—１９．１％和２８—４０％。经济效益、净现值高３８．９６—６１．２８％和６９．７８—９１．７６％。两种源单株材积随林龄加大，差异增大，但增长百分比随之减少。经济效益、净现值、益本比均随地位指数的增大而加大。     

新式墙面绿化在广州和深圳的应用研究

新式墙面绿化对日益缩减的城市绿化环境至关重要,通过实地调查广州和深圳30个新式墙面绿化场所,分析其种植形式、植物种类、植物配置与景观效果,总结出深圳和广州新式墙面绿化的植物应用现状和景观效果,并讨论其发展前景。     

叶用银杏栽培密度及采叶方式的综合分析

本文对幼龄叶用银杏从不同密度、不同采叶方式,综合产叶量和黄酮含量两方面因素,对其药用价值进行了分析评价,结果表明：３ 年生幼龄叶用银杏种植密度以 ７．５ 万株／ｈｍ ２ 为佳,７．５～１１ 万株／ｈｍ ２ 均宜,年２ 次采叶包括 １／２ 采、全采和 １ 次性采叶对照 ３ 种采叶方式无显著性差异,以 １ 次性采叶为宜。     

耐荫、半耐荫地被植物在广州公园中的应用

耐荫、半耐荫地被植物是营建复层植物景观的重要元素。在对广州公园进行调查研究基础上,文章归纳总结了耐荫、半耐荫地被植物的种类,并根据园林用途对其进行归类。共有34种,隶属25科33属。经分析,这些植物与其他园林要素之间常见的配置方式有路缘配置、与山石相配置等7种。     

岷江上游干旱河谷岷江柏木幼林地绿肥种植研究

在岷江上游干旱河谷岷江柏木幼林地经过连续4 a利用雨季种植绿肥压青,增加土壤肥力,提高水分利用率,促进幼树生长研究。结果表明:(1)种植红豆草的土壤0～40 cm含水量旱季增加3.68 g·kg-1,0～20 cm土壤容重降低0.07 g·cm-3;种植草木樨土壤0～40 cm含水量旱季增加4.18 g·kg-1,0～20 cm土壤容重降低0.05 g·cm-3;种植沙打旺土壤0～40 cm含水量增加2.46 g.kg-1,0～20 cm土壤容重降低0.18 g·cm-3。(2)种植绿肥压青,土壤有机质增加0.37 g·kg-1～0.55 g·kg-1,土壤CaCO3含量下降0.66 g·kg-1～1.36 g·kg-1,有效氮增加4.5 mg·kg-1～18.5 mg·kg-1,有效磷含量增加1.0～3.46 mg·kg-1,CEC比对照增加0.54～0.58mg.100g-1。(3)种植红豆草、草木樨、沙打旺绿肥压青对岷江柏木树高、地径生长有显著的促进作用,尤其种植红豆草的岷江柏木幼树生长最好,高、径生长为对照的1.7倍和1.6倍。     

多代杉木人工林生长发育效应的研究

在全国杉木中心产区,选择不同栽植代数（１、２、３代）、不同发育阶段（５、１０、１５、２０年）、不同立地（１４、１６、１８地位指数）的杉木人工林,进行不同栽植代数杉木人工林生长发育特点的比较研究,结果表明：连栽导致了杉木生长的明显衰退,２、３代杉木戏分别比１代杉木下降７．２９％￣１１．６１％和１５．６３％￣２１．４７％,树高分别下降７．８９％￣１１．７６％和１７．７６％￣２２．３５％,蓄积量分别下降２１．０２％￣２４．６１％和３８．７０％￣４４．１８％,而且随栽植代数的增加,杉木戏、树高生长速生期开始时间推迟,速生期缩短,林木分化日趋明显,中级木比例减少,大、小级木比例增加。     

Survival and Early Development of Lodgepole Pine

The effect of site fertility, spacing and mode of regeneration on the survival and stand development of lodgepole pine, Scots pine and Norway spruce was studied in a series of experiments comprising 22 study areas in Finland. After 13-14 yrs, lodgepole pine had a mean survival of 68% in planted and 61% in seeded plots, while Norway spruce had the highest (92%) and Scots pine the second highest survival (82%). The survival of planted lodgepole pine was better the wider the spacing. Best survival was achieved on subdry and dry sites, both with planting and with direct seeding. Dominant height was not affected by spacing, but both basal area and volume at the age of 13-14 yrs were significantly higher the denser the spacing. The average difference in the value of the estimated site index H ⁵⁰ was slightly under 3 m for the superiority of lodgepole compared with Scots pine. Seeding resulted in site indices almost as high as those of lodgepole planting.