马尾松针中黄酮类物质的提取研究

通过薄层层析、颜色反应及红外光谱对马尾松针中的黄酮类物质进行了定性鉴定。以φ=60%乙醇为提取溶剂,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,探讨了提取温度、料液的质量与体积比(物料比)、提取时间等因素对马尾松针黄酮类物质提取量的影响。研究结果表明,各试验因素对马尾松针黄酮类物质提取量的影响依提取温度、料液的质量与体积比(物料比)、提取时间因素顺次降低,当提取温度为75℃、提取时间为3 h、料液比(W/V)为1∶25时,提取效果最好,黄酮类物质提取量为26.3 mg/g。     

小兴安岭原始椴树红松林与次生杨桦林土壤氮组分特征

探讨小兴安岭原始椴树红松林成熟林、中幼龄林及次生杨桦林的土壤氮组分特征,为评价该地区不同森林植被对土壤氮库的影响提供基础数据。以原始椴树红松林成熟林、中幼龄林和次生杨桦林为研究对象,采样分析了土壤容重、总有机碳、全磷、全氮、速效氮、铵态氮、硝态氮等土壤理化性质。结果表明：全氮、速效氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量均随土层加深而递减。不同林型同一土层,椴树红松林成熟林及中幼龄林之间土壤全氮和硝态氮含量差异显著(P<0.05),但二者与次生杨桦林之间差异均不显著。土壤全氮与铵态氮、孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与总有机碳、速效氮呈显著相关(P<0.05);土壤硝态氮与速效氮、孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与凋落物量现存量呈显著相关(P<0.05),与含水率呈极显著负相关(P<0.01);铵态氮与全氮、孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);速效氮与孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与全氮呈显著正相关(P<0.05),与其他指标相关关系不显著。在不同的氮组分中,速效氮、硝态氮作为优势氮种,对小兴安岭椴树红松林及次生杨桦林植被生长及...     

不同产地红松苗期生长的初步研究

为探讨不同种源在辽东山区的生长表现,对17个产地红松子代在辽宁省草河口镇的苗期生长性状进行调查分析,结果表明,红松苗高和地径的生长在产地间的差异达到极显著水平,辽宁地区种源普遍优于吉林、黑龙江地区种源;红松苗期生长性状的基本变异模式是海拔垂直梯度为主,纬向渐变为辅的连续型变异。     

马尾松不同抚育方式对林地生产的影响

对马尾松幼林采用全面劈草、全面劈草局部松土、全面除草松土3种抚育方式对林地植被生长、表层土壤变化及幼林生长的影响进行研究,结果表明:植被覆盖率、植被枯落物随抚育强度提高而降低,而土壤侵蚀则随抚育强度提高而增强,马尾松幼林生长与抚育强度提高成正比.在南方马尾松集约经营的山区,宜提倡带状抚育,既可促进幼林生长,又能维护地力.     

重庆市石宝镇马尾松单木生长模型研究

为了更加科学地保护和利用马尾松森林资源并为其可持续经营提供参考依据,利用多模型选优法对重庆市忠县石宝镇马尾松的单木胸径生长模型进行了探讨与分析,结果表明：对竞争优势木和竞争劣势木的拟合效果最好的均是Richards函数,其次是Schumacher函数,而Gauss函数和Logistic函数的拟合效果较差.考虑到模型运算的简便性和结构的清晰性,结合研究区马尾松胸径生长量的预测情况,选取了模型参数相对较少的Schumacher 函数作为描述重庆市忠县石宝镇马尾松生长过程的最佳模型.     

Cortical monoterpene variation in natural populations of Pinus sylvestris in Sweden

Cortical oleoresins were obtained from 10 natural populations of Pinus sylvestris L. from different geographical localities. Gas chromatography was used to determine quantities of individual monoterpenes. Considerable variation was found in monoterpene composition among different populations. High proportions of limonene occurred in greater percentages in trees of northern origins, while high sabinene was frequently found in southern trees. Mean proportions of limonene and sabinene in the populations were clinal with latitude. For some monoterpenes, variation coefficients as a measure of variability within populations appeared to be clinal with latitude. 85.4% of the variance in monoterpene composition was found within populations and 14.6 between populations. Discriminant analysis differentiates populations from different geographical localities into different groups. The differences in monoterpene patterns between adjacent populations were statistically nonsignificant. It is recommended that monoterpene composition be used for more general study of genetic variation, geographical distinction between different populations and seed certification purposes.     

樟子松温室容器育苗技术

樟子松温室容器育苗出苗率达95%以上,表现为生长快,造林成活率高,通过温室容器育苗缩短育苗周期,经济效益显著。     

Survival and Early Development of Lodgepole Pine

The effect of site fertility, spacing and mode of regeneration on the survival and stand development of lodgepole pine, Scots pine and Norway spruce was studied in a series of experiments comprising 22 study areas in Finland. After 13-14 yrs, lodgepole pine had a mean survival of 68% in planted and 61% in seeded plots, while Norway spruce had the highest (92%) and Scots pine the second highest survival (82%). The survival of planted lodgepole pine was better the wider the spacing. Best survival was achieved on subdry and dry sites, both with planting and with direct seeding. Dominant height was not affected by spacing, but both basal area and volume at the age of 13-14 yrs were significantly higher the denser the spacing. The average difference in the value of the estimated site index H ⁵⁰ was slightly under 3 m for the superiority of lodgepole compared with Scots pine. Seeding resulted in site indices almost as high as those of lodgepole planting.     

天台国清寺景区马尾松枯死的初步研究

经调查结果表明，天台县国清寺景区马尾松枯死的原因是，林分密度大、树种单一、松树生长衰弱、松墨天牛危害严重引起松树大量流脂导致逐渐枯死，但尚未发现松材线虫病危害。加强抚育管理，调整林分结构，培植阔叶树种，逐渐形成混交林，是国清寺景区风景林的发展方向。     

The Role of the Bark Beetle, Hylastes ater (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), as a Sapstain Fungi Vector to Pinus radiata Seedlings: A Crisis for the New Zealand Forestry Industry?

The role of the bark beetle Hylastes ater in the re-establishment of Pinus radiata forest in New Zealand is discussed. H. ater was found to be a dominant factor in seedlings mortality in the first year following planting. However, seedling mortality is usually relatively low. In contrast, it was found the large numbers of seedlings were sub-lethally damaged by H. ater feeding attempts, particularly in high risk sites. High risk sites were identified as sites that were harvested during March and April (autumn) when the peak flight activity of H. ater occurred, and subsequently planted with P. radiata seedlings the following winter. H. ater was found to vector sapstain fungi to seedlings during feeding attempts, and a strong relationship between the severity of damage and presence of sapstain fungi was identified. The role of H. ater as a vector of these fungi and the potential implications to the New Zealand forest industry are discussed.