思茅松不同质量穗条扦插效果分析

以思茅松1 a生母树不同质量穗条为材料进行扦插对比试验,分析不同穗条长度、穗条有无次生叶和不同采条位置及木质化程度穗条等对其生根率、不定根数量及不定根平均长度的影响。结果表明:思茅松穗条生根基本属于愈伤组织生根型;8 cm穗条生根效果较理想,生根率28.2%;无次生叶的为19.0%;半木质化萌条生根率为73.7%。     

马尾松林冠下套种阔叶树种林分的生长效应

在30年生马尾松林下进行了不同阔叶树种套种试验.结果表明:在马尾松林冠下套种不同阔叶树种生长存在明显差异,其蓄积大小排序为拉氏栲>格氏栲>青栲>苦槠,其中20年生拉氏栲的年平均蓄积生长量分别是格氏栲、青栲和苦槠的1.06、1.26和1.49倍;拉氏栲和格氏栲是马尾松林冠下套种的首选树种,生长中等的树种有青栲,苦槠生长较差,不适宜作为马尾松林冠下造林树种;利用马尾松林分具有林冠稀疏和透光度大的特点,在马尾松林冠下套种拉氏栲、格氏栲不仅能充分利用林分地上和地下的空间,而且对于减轻马尾松林松毛虫危害具有重要现实意义,是值得南方林区大力推广的林冠下套种模式.     

樟子松种源试验林生长情况调查

通过对樟子松不同种源试验林高生长和径生长的调查得知,地理种源不同,高生长存在着显著差异,一般人工林种源生长好于天然林种源。樟子松经过几十年的引种驯化是能够适应当地的环境条件,形成稳定种群。造林时,首先应选择种子产地土壤、气候条件与本地相似的地区调拨种子。若本地自然条件与种子产地相差较大,应选择经过长期引种已形成稳定种群的种子产地调拨种子,如9007(净月潭)、9014(章古台)、9006(高峰)、9012(青山)号产地的种子。     

火炬松育苗技术研究

火炬松育苗试验结果表明:火炬松大田育苗最佳的处理组合为苗木密度100~150株/m2、芽苗截根处理以保留芽苗主根长的50%、接种厚环乳牛肝菌Sg;火炬松容器育苗最佳的基质配方体积比为火烧土30、过磷酸钙2.5或5.0、深层红壤35、松林表土35两种组合;菌根化处理是火炬松容器育苗行之有效的措施,菌根化对容器苗苗高、地径的生长有比较明显的正效应。     

广西松脂原料林发展现状、存在问题与对策研究

松脂产业是广西具有资源优势的产业。通过对广西松脂原料林发展的现状、存在问题的分析研究,指出广西松脂原料林的建设应以人工林定向培育和提高松脂基地建设的科技贡献率为发展方向。发展广西松脂原料林基地应从选育松树高产脂良种,开展营造高产脂原料林速生丰产综合配套技术研究,推广先进采脂技术,以最终达到提高单位面积松脂产量,降低采脂劳动强度,提高采脂劳动生产率,实现松脂产业的可持续发展。     

种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响

[目的]为了揭示种间关系对中条山油松人工林天然更新及群落稳定性的影响,为油松人工林经营管理提供理论依据.[方法]基于中条山油松人工林群落样地调查数据,分析油松人工林下主要植物的种间关联性、生态位重叠及群落稳定性,并在此基础上探讨种间关联和生态位理论在油松人工林天然更新障碍及群落稳定性形成机制中的作用.[结果]中条山油松...     

Relationships between soil and foliar nutrients in young densely planted mini-plots of Pinus radiata and Cupressus lusitanica

The long-term nature of forest crop rotations makes it difficult to determine impacts of forestry on soil nutrients that might be depleted by forest growth. We used small scale, highly stocked plots to compress the length of the rotation and rapidly induce nutrient depletion. In the study, two species (Pinus radiata D. Don and Cupressus lusitanica Miller) are compared under two disturbance regimes (soil undisturbed and compacted), and two fertiliser treatments (nil and plus fertiliser), applied in factorial combination at 33 sites, covering the range of climatic and edaphic variation found in plantation forests across New Zealand. To assess our ability to rapidly highlight important soil properties, foliar nutrient concentrations were determined 20 months after planting. It was hypothesised that the densely planted plots, even at a young age, would create sufficient pressure on nutrient resources to allow development of relationships between properties used as indicies of soil nutrient availability and foliar nutrient concentrations. For both species significant relationships between foliar nutrients and 0–10 cm layer soil properties from unfertilised plots were evident for N (total and mineralisable N) and P (total, acid extractable, organic, Bray-2 and Olsen P). With the exception of Ca in C. lusitanica, foliar K, Ca and Mg were correlated with their respective soil exchangeable cation measures. The results thus confirm the utility of the experimental approach and the relevance of the measured soil properties for forest productivity.

In unfertilised plots foliar N and P concentrations in P. radiata exceeded those in C. lusitanica, the differences being eliminated by fertiliser application. Foliar N/P ratios in P. radiata also exceeded those in C. lusitanica. In contrast to N and P, foliar K, Ca and Mg concentrations were all higher in C. lusitanica, the difference being particularly marked for Ca and Mg. P. radiata contained substantially higher concentrations of the metals Zn, Mn and Al than C. lusitanica, whereas the latter contained higher B concentrations. Possible reasons for differences between species in foliar nutrient concentrations are discussed.     

Relationship between effective solar radiation and sap flow process during an entire growing season in Western Mountains of Beijing

In order to explore the relationship between the time processes of solar radiation and sap flow, sap flow velocity (SFV) of Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis, effective solar radiation (ESR) and other environmental factors were synchronously monitored for one year in the Beijing Western Mountains by using a thermal dissipation probe (TDP) system and an automatic weather station. Results showed significant differences between changes in diurnal characteristics of ESR and sap flow in sunny days during three seasons. Starting times of sap flow occurred generally 1.5–3 hours later than those of solar radiation and there were small differences between Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabulaeformis. But peak times and stopping times of sap flow varied con-siderably with large contrasts in ESR. The duration of sap flow showed clear differences among the seasons owing to the variable rhythms of climate factors in Beijing. Fluctuation amplitude in the duration of sap flow remained relatively stable during the autumn but changed greatly during spring and summer. Changes in diurnal sap flow velocity of both Platycladus orientalis and Pinus tabu-laeformis were about 0–3 hours later than those of ESR but with the same configuration. The start of sap flow was mainly induced by the sudden intensification of ESR (sunrise effect). Seasonal models of SFV indicated that a cubic equation had the best fit. It was more practical to simulate seasonal water consumption models of trees with ESR. In further investigations, these models should be optimized.     

烟台海岸黑松防护林种群结构及其随离岸距离的变化

在烟台海岸黑松防护林内设置42块样地(10 m×10 m),采用样方法进行每木调查获取野外资料.以空间代替时间,以种群径级结构代替年龄结构,探讨烟台海岸黑松防护林种群的结构和动态规律;同时,分析离岸距离不等的黑松防护林的种群结构窄间变化特征.结果表明:海岸黑松防护林种群径级的数量分布基本上呈倒J型分布,表明黑松种群处于稳定发展的时期;黑松生长与种群密度之间存在明显的相关关系,黑松胸径、单株生物量与密度的关系均符合负指数函数模型,树高与密度呈显著负相关;在距离海岸50～500 m范围内,黑松种群密度随离岸距离的增加而增大,平均胸径和平均冠幅均随离岸距离的增加而减小,海陆相互作用产生的环境异质化可能是造成黑松种群空间分布格局的主要原因.     

Biomass of fine and small roots in two Japanese black pine stands of different ages

The biomass and the spatial distribution of fine and small roots were studied in two Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.) stands growing on a sandy soil. More biomass of fine and small roots was found in the 17-year-old than in the 40-year-old stand. There were 62 g m⁻² of fine roots and 56 g m⁻² of small roots in the older stand, which represented mean values of 608 g for fine and 552 g for small roots per tree, respectively. In the younger stand, a total of 85 g m⁻² of fine roots and 66 g m⁻² of small roots were determined, representing a mean of 238 g for fine and 186 g for small roots per tree, respectively. Fine and small root biomasses decreased linearly with a soil depth of 0–50 cm in the older stand. In the younger stand, the fine and small roots developed only up to a depth of 30 cm. Horizontal distributions (with regard to distance from a tree) of both root groups were homogeneous. A positive correlation in the amount of biomass of fine and small roots per m² relative to tree size was found. Fine and small root biomasses increased consistently from April to July in both stands. The results also indicated earlier growth activity of the fine roots than small roots at the beginning of the growing season. The seasonal increases in fine and small root biomasses were slightly higher in the younger stand than the older stand.