Exotic Pinus carbaea causes soil quality to deteriorate on former abandoned land compared to an indigenous Podocarpus plantation in the tropical forest area of southern China

Soil properties under an exotic plantation (Pinus caribaea) and an indigenous plantation (Podocarpus imbricatus) were compared with adjacent secondary forests and abandoned land in the tropical forest areas of Jianfengling National Nature Reserve in Hainan province, southern China. The surface soil (0–0.2 m) under Pi. caribaea has higher bulk density, lower soil organic carbon, total N, total K, available N, microbial biomass carbon, and smaller soil microbial communities (as indicated by soil Biolog profiles) than under Po. imbricatus. Both land use types showed negative cumulative soil deterioration index (DI) compared to secondary forests. However, compared to abandoned land (DI = –262), the soil quality of Po. imbricatus showed improvement (DI = –194) while that of Pi. caribaea showed deterioration (DI = –358). These results demonstrated that these exotic pine plantations can significantly and negatively influence soil properties. By contrast, our results showed that adoption of indigenous species in plantations, or natural regeneration, can improve soil quality.     

山西太岳山天然油松林主要木本植物种群结构及空间分布格局研究

油松是暖温带落叶阔叶林区的代表性树种之一,是我国北方地区重要的造林绿化树种。研究了太岳山林区天然油松林主要木本植物种群的径级结构和空间分布格局。结果表明:油松种群由于缺乏幼苗幼树,径级结构呈倒金字塔型,属衰退型种群;辽东栎、青楷槭等5种阔叶树种种群的径级结构呈纺锤形,属进展种群。油松、辽东栎、杨树、山杏、山楂在整个尺度范围内呈集群分布;白桦与茶条槭在小尺度范围呈明显的集群分布,在中、大尺度变成随机分布;青楷槭在中尺度范围呈随机分布,但是小尺度和大尺度呈集群分布;五角枫在整个尺度上呈随机分布的趋势;赤杨在尺度变化过程中由集群分布变成均匀分布。上层阔叶树和下层阔叶树呈集群分布的趋势,但下层阔叶树随尺度的变化由集群分布变成随机分布。种群的空间分布格局是物种的生物学、生态学特性及其自然环境长期作用的结果,是种群的一种生存策略或适应机制。     

马尾松造纸工艺林合理造林密度的研究

５年生马尾松造纸工艺林密度试验结果表明：平均树高受造林密度的影响较小，在一定密度范围内平均胸径随造林密度的增大而减小；单位面积的材积、生物量随造林密度的增大而增大；综合林分生长、生物量结构和经济效益等因素，马尾松造纸工艺林造林密度３３３３株／ｈｍ２较为经济合理。     

1年生樟子松苗营养积累过程的研究

通过 3a对樟子松 1年生苗木的营养积累过程的研究表明 :1年生樟子松苗在生长期内 ,干物质的积累和对N、P、K的吸收利用是以叶为中心 ,到生长中、后期 ,根、茎、叶中的干物质积累和对三元素的吸收积累速率明显加快。而在不同生长时期对三元素的吸收利用比例也不同 ,生长前期表现为N >P >K ,生长中后期表现为K >N >P ,生长后期表现为P >N >K。     

不同强度人为干扰对马尾松生长的影响

不同强度人为干扰15a后,经解析木分析表明,轻度干扰林分中马尾松的胸径、树高、材积均保持良好的生长趋势,总生长量比中度干扰和重度干扰林分高,连年生长量和平均生长量在幼龄期也高于后二者,重度干扰林分的各要素生长量均增长缓慢。这些结果表明超过一定限度的人为干扰阻碍了林木的生长发育。     

壳聚糖金属配合物的防腐性能

壳聚糖金属聚合物 [如壳聚糖铜聚合物 (CCC)和壳聚糖锌配合物 (CZC) ]是壳聚糖和金属盐类反应生成的一种新型有机高分子聚合物。用CCC和CZC与铜铬砷 (CCA)分别处理马尾松和毛白杨边材 ,进行木材防腐试验 ,结果表明 :CCC和CZC对褐腐菌棉腐卧孔菌的防腐性能与CCA相比 ,CZC达到最耐腐等级 ,防腐效果接近CCA ,其锌离子临界保持量为 0 780kg·m- 3(腐朽后质量损失 1 18% ) ,但CCC防褐腐效果明显不如CZC ;CCC对白腐菌彩绒革盖菌的防腐性能达到最耐腐等级 ,防腐效果接近CCA ,其铜离子临界保持量为 0 82 4kg·m- 3(腐朽后质量损失2 4 5 % ) ;CZC和氯化锌对白腐菌的防腐效果不明显。     

在CO2浓度加富条件下马尾松针叶的生理生态响应

研究了在3种不同CO2浓度(360 μmol·mol-1、800 μmol·mol-1、1 200 μmol·mol-1)下马尾松针叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率的变化.结果表明:在当前CO2(360 μmol·mol-1)浓度下,当光强为1 000 μmol·m-2·s-1时,净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度分别为3.46 μmol·m-2·s-1、0.273 mmol·m-2·s-1、0.0254 mmol·m-2·s-1,针叶的光饱和点和光补偿点分别为:(1 800±2) μmol·m-2·s-1和(24±2) μmol·m-2·s-1.当CO2加富到1 200 μmol·mol-1时,针叶的光饱和点降低了200 μmol·m-2·s-1,而光补偿点增加了4 μmol·m-2·s-1.在光照强度为50～2 000 μmol·m-2·s-1的条件下,不同CO2浓度下的水分利用率平均值分别为:1 200 μmol·mol-1浓度下的19.163 μmol·mmol-1,800 μmol·mol-1浓度下的12.912 μmol·mmol-1,360 μmol·mol-1浓度下的11.192 μmol·mmol-1.短期的CO2加富降低了植物叶片的蒸腾速率、气孔导度,而植物的水分利用效率则上升.     

The contribution of root respiration of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> seedlings to total soil respiration under elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations

The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (500 μmol·mol⁻¹ and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO₂, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO₂ flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration. Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158). Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

三峡库区莲峡河小流域马尾松水文生态效应

2004年,在三峡库区莲峡河小流域马尾松林地进行了大气降水、林内透雨、树干茎流的测定,进行了林下枯落物和土壤对降雨影响的研究.结果表明:观测期,马尾松林内透雨占大气降水总量的76.70%,林冠层截留量占降雨总量的23.03%,树干茎流占降雨总量的0.27%;林下枯落物的最大持水量为3.40 mm,林地0～40 cm层土壤饱和蓄水量为183.60 mm;林内透雨、树干茎流、林冠截流与大气降水量以及降雨强度具有显著的二元线性相关关系.     

利用ISSR标记对12种五针松亲缘关系的研究

采用ISSR 标记技术,对12 种五针松的亲缘关系进行分析。利用筛选出的12 个ISSR 引物共检测到117 个位点,多态条带比率(PPB)在9.40%～33.33 %之间,遗传分化最高的是偃松,最低的是柔枝松。12 种五针松的基因多样性(Ht)为26.21%,其中种内基因多样性(Hs)为7.66%,种间基因多样性(Dst)为18.55%,五针松种间变异占总变异的70.78%。遗传距离聚类,将12 种五针松分为2 个类群,第一类群包括乔松、华山松、海南五针松、华南五针松、北美乔松、山白松和云南五针松;第二类群包括美国白皮松、偃松、、柔枝松、西伯利亚红松和红松。图1 表3 参6。