“益康XP”对新疆荷斯坦奶牛生产性能和血清生化激素水平的影响

[目的]研究微生态制剂对奶牛生产性能的影响,为提高奶产量提供安全的方法.[方法]在新疆伊犁中州牛场选取40头年龄、胎次、泌乳期相同且体重和泌乳量接近的荷斯坦泌乳牛,随机分成对照组和试验组,试验组在对照组日粮基础上每天饲喂“益康XP”微生态制剂50 g.预试期10 d,试验期90d,研究“益康XP”对新疆荷斯坦牛生产性能和血清生化激素水平的影响.[结果]与对照组相比,饲喂“益康XP”可以显著提高泌乳牛的产奶量和采食量(P＜0.05);饲喂“益康XP”可以显著提高血清中总抗氧化能力(P＞0.05)和超氧化物歧化酶的活力(P＜0.05),显著降低血清中丙二醛含量(P＜0.05).试验奶牛血清中ALP、TP、GLU水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),表明饲喂“益康XP”可以显著提高饲料蛋白质和能量转化率;试验奶牛血清中E2和PRL含量均呈上升趋势.[结论]饲喂“益康XP”可以通过调节血清中雌二醇和孕酮的水平来提高催乳素水平,进而提高奶产量.     

关于提升财政支持的区域技术创新绩效的政策建议

区域技术创新系统是由政府参与,企业、大学和科研机构为主体的多个主体相互作用的系统,核心是创新成果的应用.政府作为区域技术创新基础设施的提供者、知识产权的保护者、创新产品的公共采购者、创新主体的培育者、法律法规的制定者,其财政政策的支持为区域技术创新提供了保障.基于财政支持对区域技术创新绩效的重要作用,提出了相关意见建议,一方面要增加政府财政投入,形成多元化的投资平台;另一方面要鼓励创新主体资源投入,建立合作共赢的创新平台等.     

木橡胶的性能及开发利用前景展望

木橡胶是按照橡胶力学性能构造的一种兼具木质材料和橡胶力学特点及材料优点的新型木基材料.文章简述了木橡胶的概念、原料、生产工艺和性能,并对木橡胶开发应用前景进行总结展望.     

农业科研单位科研项目绩效考评研究

随着各级政府和社会对农业科研项目投入的增加,项目绩效考评越来越引起各投入主体的关注。但是在科研项目绩效评价的实际操作中,往往无法对科研项目进行分解量化。笔者根据科研项目绩效考核遵循的原则,结合当前考核中存在的主要问题,设计了针对科研项目绩效考评的指标体系。     

公益性农业科研单位绩效管理探析

文章阐述了绩效管理的含义和表现形式,分析了公益性农业科研单位存在的对绩效管理的认识不到位、绩效考核机制的运作流于形式、岗位的绩效考核指标过于笼统等问题,并指出公益性农业科研单位实行绩效管理需要破解的难题,针对这些问题,提出了在绩效管理时应考虑的因素、操作流程和应遵循的原则等,以构建以绩效考核为核心的绩效管理评价体系。     

Significance of ossificated ungular cartilages regarding the performance of cold-blooded trotters

Background

Ossification of the ungular cartilages (OUC) in the foot of horses has been studied for more than 100 years. There is a high heritability of this condition but its clinical relevance has remained questionable. Nevertheless, modern equine orthopedic literature ranks OUC as one of top 10 causes of lameness in cold-blooded trotters and stallions of these breeds are excluded from breeding if they have more than mild levels of side bones. Cold-blooded trotters have been used for racing for many decades and official sports data have been available since 1923. A decreased performance is often the only obvious clinical sign noticed by trainers and owners motivating them to seek professional help from veterinarians and farriers. By comparing various performance parameters in Swedish-Norwegian cold-blooded trotters without and with different grades of OUC, we aimed to determine the clinical relevance of ossified hoof cartilages in a population of high-performance horses.Front hooves from 649 Swedish-Norwegian cold-blooded trotters were evaluated radiologically regarding OUC. Breeding index and official sports data originating from strict protocols kept by groups of officials in trotting associations was used for comparison of performance of these horses that together had competed in more than 23,000 races between 1973 and 2009. Generalized linear mixed models were used for the statistical analyses. The response variable was modeled using ordinal logistic models with a multinomial distribution and a cumulative logit link function. The horse was used as a random factor.

Results

Significant effects of gender on performance were demonstrated, but no correlations were found between different positions nor grades of ossified ungular cartilage and number of starts, running pace, race winnings, number of races completed in a regular gait.

Conclusions

Ossification of the ungular cartilages does not cause decreased performance in cold-blooded trotters and is therefore most likely not a cause of clinical or subclinical lameness in this breed. Results from this study can assist equine professionals in evaluating and interpreting the clinical relevance of radiological findings on ossified hoof cartilage among heavy and high-performing horses.     

Hematological and Blood Gas Parameters' Response to Treadmill Exercise Test in Eventing Horses Fed Different Protein Levels

The aim of this study was to investigate the responses to exercise in athletic horses fed different protein levels. Twenty-four Brazilian Sport Horses (body weight [BW] between 432 and 560 kg and body condition score [BCS] 5.0–5.5) undergoing eventing training were used. The experiment was a randomized design with four treatments (diets) and two exercise tests. Diets were composed of 7.5%, 9.0%, 11.0%, and 13.0% crude protein. The exercise tests consisted of a warm-up and galloping from 6.0 m/s with speed increases every 1 minute until 10 m/s. Venous blood samples were collected at preprandial time, before, during, and after the exercise tests, and at the recovery time. Blood samples were analyzed for hematocrit, lactate, glucose, total plasma protein, serum aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, uric acid, creatinine, serum Cl⁻, and venous blood gas. The results were analyzed using a split-plot design, and regression analyses were performed. There were no differences in BW and BCS. The protein levels did not affect the variables VL₂, VL_4, V₁₅₀, and V₂₀₀. Serum urea and uric acid concentrations were affected by protein diet levels. After the exercise tests, the blood pH, acid–base, and electrolyte balance of the horses were not affected by the protein of the diets. The protein diet levels did not affect the horses' performance variables. At the same time, high protein concentrations in the diet can alter the acid–base balance in athletic horses and should be used with caution.     

国内农民专业合作社绩效评价研究综述

基于我国农业合作化进程的历史演变,以"点-线-面"的分析思路为主线,对农民专业合作社绩效评价研究进行了梳理,并提出了今后进一步研究的趋势。     

Comparative Study of the Lifetime Productivity and Performance Characteristics of Meishan and Duroc Cross-bred Pigs

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of Meishan genotypes to improve production efficiency through increased reproductive performance and sow longevity. Sows of White composite, with either 1/4 Meishan, 1/4 Duroc or 1/8 Duroc were kept for up to six parities and reproductive performance and lifetime productivity of each sow breed was recorded. Progeny from these sows were analysed for growth and carcass characteristics. It was noted that Meishan genotype sows were more prolific (+1 pig/litter -1 ; P <0.05) and had greater longevity in the herd than either of the Duroc genotypes. The growth rate of slaughter pigs from 1/4 Meishan sows was slower than that of either 1/8 or 1/4 Duroc (893, 976 and 931 g day -1 , respectively; P <0.05) and they had poorer carcass lean content (56, 59 and 58%, respectively; P <0.05). The study would suggest that 1/4 Meishan sows may be useful for systems with low costs of production, small penalties for fat carcasses and where gilt replacement costs are high.     

拉萨白鸡品种资源研究

通过对拉萨白鸡品种形成与发展、生态条件、外形特征、种群结构、生产性能、饲养管理等研究,结果发现:拉萨白鸡是蛋用品种,形成历史悠久,生产性能较低,蛋品质好,遗传稳定,耐粗饲,适应高寒地区恶劣的自然条件和粗放的饲养管理,这是目前国内外其他鸡品种在高寒恶劣的环境下无法替代的优良种质,属于珍贵的地方品种资源,应该加以很好的保种。