Production protocol development for greenhouse cut Linaria, Lupinus, and Papaver flowers

Linaria maroccana Hook. f. Ann., ‘Lace Violet’, Lupinus hartwegii ssp. cruikshankii Lindl. ‘Sunrise’ and Papaver nudicaule L. ‘Meadow Pastels’ seeds were directly sown into 105 cell plug trays and received either ambient light or supplemental high intensity discharge (HID) lighting. For each species, a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial was used with two light intensities during propagation, three transplant stages, and three night temperatures. Seedlings were transplanted at the appearance of 2–3, 5–6, or 8–9 true leaves. Transplanted Linaria and Papaver seedlings were placed at 5/11, 10/16, or 15/21 ± 1 °C night/day temperatures and Lupinus seedlings were placed at 15/24, 18/25, or 20/26 ± 2 °C night/day temperatures. For this study, the optimum production temperature for Linaria was 10/16 °C as the cut stems produced at 15/21 °C were unmarketable and production time was excessively long at 5/11 °C. At 10/16 °C, Linaria seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage to maximize stem number, stem length and profitability. For Lupinus the optimum temperature was 15/24 °C due to long stems and high profitability per plant. Lupinus seedlings should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage when grown at 15/24 °C to obtain the longest and thickest stems; however, $/m² week was higher for plants transplanted at the 8–9 leaf stage due to less time in finishing production space. For Papaver, the 15/21 °C temperature was optimal as that temperature produced the longest stems in the shortest duration, resulting in the highest $/m² week. At 15/21 °C Papaver plants should be transplanted at the 2–3 leaf stage. Supplemental HID lighting had no effect on any of the species.     

改进暗管排水结构型式对排水性能的影响

提出一种占用耕地少、排水流量较常规暗排大且环境友好的改进暗排。基于室内土柱试验,分析改进暗排在地表积水、土体饱和条件下的排水除涝性能及其机理,提出地表积水土体饱和入渗条件下改进暗排排水流量的理论计算公式。结果表明,改进暗排可以有效提高暗管排水能力,试验条件下,反滤体宽度为2~6 cm的改进暗排在自由出流条件下的排水流量为常规暗排排水流量的2~3倍;积水层深度相同时,改进暗排排水性能随反滤体宽度的增加而增大,但增幅逐渐减小;土体介质和反滤体的渗透系数差别越大,改进暗排的排水作用越明显。理论方法计算结果与试验结果相吻合,证明提出的理论计算公式是合理可行的。     

应用拉普拉斯变换推导峰电流与极限电流的关系

利用拉普拉斯变换实验所得结果，推导出内场致发射电极应用在线性电势扫描法中峰电流与极限电流的关系，为进一步研究提供了定量的依据。     

泥石流与主河交汇的试验研究

泥石流入汇主河属于复杂的非牛顿流体与牛顿流体汇流问题,由于其机理的复杂性,一直缺少这方面的研究。本文在试验的基础上,分析了泥石流入汇主河后,汇口附近各水力参数的变化规律。探讨了泥石流入汇后下游水位相对壅高与流量比以及交汇角的关系,得出相对壅水高度随流量比及交汇角的增大而增大的结论。分析了交汇口附近淤积量及淤积率与流量及流量比的关系。30°,60°和120°交汇角情况下,淤积量总体趋势是随支流流量及流量比的增大而增大,淤积率随总流量增大而减小,在主支流量相当时出现最大值;90°交汇时,淤积量随支流流量及流量比的增大而减小,淤积率随总流量增大而增大,在主支流量相当时出现最小值。     

黄土高原全新世以来土壤侵蚀强度的定量分析初探

黄土高原全新世以来可划分出5个侵蚀阶段,其起始年龄分别为11,7.0,0.7,0.3,0.15kaBP。根据高原现代河流沉积物的粒度组成、河流输沙量、径流量和年降水量等数据建立了各个指标的回归方程。根据各方程和全新世不同时期阶地沉积物的实测数据,计算了各个阶段的平均古侵蚀强度和流域输沙量。结果表明,不同时期水土流失的主要控制因素是不同的:在11000～7000aBP时期以构造活动因素为主,在7000～2000aBP期间以气候因素为主,在2000～700aBP和300aBP以来以人为活动因素为主,而在700～300aBP是构造活动、气候变迁和人类活动的共同作用因素。自然因素的突变作用一般大于人类活动的作用,而现代人类活动的加剧程度大约是自然侵蚀强度的45.5%。     

Experimental Analysis on Optimal Tail Water Discharge Method of River Water Source Heat Pump

In order to study the influence on water temperature raise of river water source heat pump tail water discharged in different methods, the real sensor network is established by using digital temperature sensors. The simulation experiments of different discharging methods of river water source heat pump are carried out, including submerged-type discharge, surface-type discharge and jet-type discharge with 12 effluent ways. By using weighted average method, the preferred values of such factors as the average temperature raise,the temperature raise variance, the biggest temperature raise value, and the number of temperature measure points above the temperature raise average value are calculated. Moreover, the experiment results are analyzed by the three-dimensional figures of water temperature raise, which shows that jet-type discharge is better than submerged-type discharge and surface-type discharge,and the double-port way is better than single-port way. In addition, the double-port way along with the current in surface-type discharge method is the one that exerts least influence on river water temperature raise.     

我国农用农药环境影响评价

2000年我国农用农药需求量23.31万t.农田农药年负荷量和单次用量分别是1.78kg/hm2和471.6g/hm2;高毒农药和水溶性农药的用量分别是7.109万t和12.01万t.农药总排毒系数和每公顷的排毒系数分别是2794.36×106t/hm2和21.50t/hm2,使用杀虫剂的平均LD50为48mg/kg.低效、高毒和水溶性农药生产量和使用量大是我国农药品种结构不合理的主要标志,优化这种农药品种结构是非常必要的.     

农机液压系统油温过热的多例故障原因分析

该文通过对农机压系统油温过热的多例故障实际调查，总结分析了引起液压系统油温过热的各种原因，并相应提出了排除故障的方法及预防措施。     

降雨泥石流预报的研究

要准确预报泥石流的发生、到达时间和规模,需要了解流域的基本情况以及泥石流形成的原因和条件。本文以云南省东川蒋家沟为例,以流域降雨产流量为基础,对泥石流暴发,到达时间及暴发规模的预报作了系统的研究。以10min降雨雨强为基本依据,计算10min降雨的产流及形成径流的单宽流量,从而预报泥石流的发生,由此可以计算泥石流的运动速度、预报泥石流的到达时间。以10min激发降雨的产流及形成径流总量,结合泥石流中泥沙体积浓度和流域堵塞系数,计算出泥石流总量,从而预报泥石流的发生规模。