具有极小Hosoya指数的含圈共轭图

图G=(V(G),E(G))为简单连通共轭图,即含有完备匹配的图,其顶点集为V(G),边集为E(G).n,m表示含有n(n≥8)个顶点m(n≤m≤n+2n-2)条边的共轭图集合.用m(G,k)表示G中恰含k条边的匹配个数.z(G)表示图G的Hosoya指数,即G的所有匹配的总数.对于任何一个共F轭图G,都存在一个完备匹配.把G的边集分成两个子集,其中一个子集为图G的完备匹配所含的边,记为M(G),另一个子集为图G除完备匹配之外剩余的边,记为Q(G).对于G中任一个k-匹配,都可以从完备匹配M(G)中选j(0≤j≤k)条边,再从Q(G)中选择k-j条边,且保证所选的k条边互不相邻.如果对任意G1,G2∈n,m和k≤2n,都满足m(G1,k)≤m(G2,k),那么,就可以证明∑k2n=0m(G1,k)≤∑k2n=0m(G2,k),即z(G1)≤z(G2).本文用这种排列组合的方法研究并刻画了n,m中具有最小、次小Hosoya指数的极值图.     

基于双目视觉的农田障碍物检测

针对智能农业机械自动驾驶或辅助驾驶立体视觉障碍物检测技术中,传统阈值分割不能达到目标提取精度的问题,提出基于分析扫描线上区域分割与特征匹配相结合的障碍物检测算法。在双目视觉系统得到农田场景图像对中,通过分析扫描线上像素分布情况将图像分割,进行归类整理提取目标区域;对目标区域进行快速立体特征匹配,得到目标区域的空间信息,进行障碍物的检测。对800帧(400对)图像进行检测试验,结果表明:每对图像的平均处理时间<100 ms,本次试验检测出障碍物的正确率达到95%。该算法用于农田障碍物检测具有很好的检测效果。     

计算机配色技术在木材连缸染色中的应用研究

为了解决木材染色过程中染色废水的污染问题,实现木材连缸染色,该研究选用毛白杨单板为试材,使用6种酸性染料,通过真空加压的方法进行单拼色和多拼色的木材连缸染色实验.结果表明:利用计算机配色技术对木材进行连缸染色是可行的;在进行木材的单拼色染色时,染料是按照染液浓度的比例上染的,而多拼色染色时,各染料并不是按照染液中的比例上染的,反映出不同染料与木材的亲和能力和渗透能力之间的差异.      

立体视觉技术在森林资源调查中的应用

将立体视觉应用于森林资源调查是一种全新的手段 ,能高效地对样地进行调查 ,并且为高分辨率遥感图像提供一种获取林分调查因子的技术 .该文从林业环境的实际情况出发 ,探索立体视觉技术应用于森林资源调查的可行技术路线 .针对树干边缘的特点 ,提出了Canny算子检测的树干边缘和外极线约束下、交互式的区域相关立体匹配策略 .采用在中国林业科学研究院院内树林中FUJIFILMFinePix 6 90 0Zoom数码相机拍摄的立体图像对 ,实现了立体视觉技术测量树木点位和胸径 ,并估计了在实验条件下的量测精度 .     

Estimation of temporal changes in the growth of green turtles <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chelonia mydas</Emphasis> in waters around the Ogasawara Islands

Biological and life-cycle information is essential to any fisheries management program. We have investigated temporal changes in growth parameters in the von Bertalanffy growth curve for green turtles, Chelonia mydas, in waters around the Ogasawara Islands. The variance model of individual variability of growth used in our study was one derived from the stochastic differential equation with the white noise of constant intensity. Maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters were made using the data of 102 recovery records of tagging experiments from 1974 to 1995. The estimations were carried out for each of two models of linear and sudden changes in the parameters, and the best model was selected using Akaike's information criterion. The selected model was that all of the parameters excepting asymptotic straight carapace length were linear functions of year and that the asymptotic length was constant over the years. The estimated values of the growth coefficient in 1974 and 1995 were 0.0317 and 0.192 per year, respectively, and the estimated value of the asymptotic straight carapace length was 97.2 cm. Implications of the results and future issues to be resolved in near future are discussed.     

Numerical modeling and design of inflatable structures—application to open-ocean-aquaculture cages

Numerical simulation and design of an inflatable open-ocean-aquaculture cage is presented using nonlinear finite element analysis of membrane structures. Numerical instability caused by the tension-only membrane has been removed by adding an artificial shell with small stiffness. The material properties of a fabric material are obtained from tensile tests in both hoop and longitudinal directions, assuming the material is anisotropic. Wrinkling, defined as an onset of compressive stress, is monitored as design criteria. The finite element model is validated using a modified beam theory for the inflatable structure by comparing the maximum deflection and stress. Good agreement is observed between the numerical and theoretical results. A full-scale cage model is created using membrane, shell, and string elements to test the stiffness and integrity of the system. The feasibility study indicates that the inflated structure has sufficient stiffness to be used as the structural support within a fish cage. Based on the parameter study, several designs are suggested.     

拖网渔船船-机-桨-网匹配研究

在拖网渔船的设计中,需要重点考虑螺旋桨与船-机的匹配、渔具与船-机-桨的匹配,实现推进系统的高效能发挥。本文引入时间概率的最佳螺旋桨参数优化确定方法,考虑拖网渔船设计的限制条件,通过优化分析,达到运营工况综合效能最佳,实现螺旋桨与船-机的合理匹配。从拖网渔船数据库中选取30艘运营状况优良的渔船进行有效拖力计算,建立拖网渔船有效拖力与主机功率和拖速的多元非线性回归方程,依据此方程得出的有效拖力结果选择网具和网板,实现有效拖力与渔具的合理匹配,最终实现渔具与船-机-桨的合理匹配。通过实船计算对比,验证了回归的有效拖力估算公式误差范围和适用性。研究表明:在拖网渔船设计初期,可以利用该公式估算有效拖力进行网具和网板的匹配,实现技术经济优化论证,最终实现船-机-桨-网的优化匹配。     

板栗中毒死蜱农药残留检测结果满意度的研究

本文就如何保证农产品农药残留能力验证实验结果满意需要注意几个关键点进行探讨分析。要想通过板栗中毒死蜱农残的能力验证,样品前处理采用NY/T 761的方法,必须注意：提取液的过滤要用定性滤纸或脱脂棉,提取液过滤后静置时间控制在30 min～40 min之间,吸取10 mL乙腈液体要准确,净化步骤的水浴温度要严格按照方法要求,氮吹切记不要吹的太干,吹到潮乎乎为宜,SPE小柱的活化平衡要充分,上样时液面不能流干,上样后尽可能流干再洗脱,最后定容5.00 mL要准确。检测结束后,对结果进行验证很重要,可采用盲样的空白基质基质配标和空白基质基质加标画标准曲线两种办法。     

油菜钵苗移栽机栽植机构参数匹配与轨迹分析

针对油菜钵苗移栽机的结构参数对栽植稳定性的影响及拖拉机田间作业时部分工作参数受载波动影响栽植性能等问题,采用ADAMS建立参数化模型,开展栽植机构结构参数(栽植臂、从动栽植臂、连杆)及作业参数匹配研究和轨迹分析,确定机组前进速度v(m/s)与栽植频率f(株/min)的匹配范围。结果表明:当栽植臂长度为300mm、从动栽植臂长度为305mm、连杆长度为95mm时,栽植轨迹高度为225mm,其中连杆长度对栽植性能有较大影响;在理论可行范围内,当f/v比值为200时,栽植轨迹达到最优,且随机组的前进速度增加,对应的可行栽植频率范围呈线性关系随之增大,栽植机构可适应株距范围为240~375mm。同时,应用高速摄像在线观察得出,栽植机构实际运动轨迹与理论分析基本吻合。田间试验表明:穴深合格率为90.7%,变异系数为7.1%,穴口长度合格率为84%,变异系数为6.6%,满足栽植要求。     

Adoption of small-scale irrigation technologies and its impact on land productivity: Evidence from Rwanda

In an attempt to identify solutions to the effects of erratic rainfall patterns and droughts that limit agricultural production growth, the Rwandan government has recently increased investments in irrigation development. In this study, we analyze the adoption of small-scale irrigation technologies (SSITs) and its impact on land productivity using cross-sectional data from a sample of 360 farmers in Rwanda. The study uses the propensity score matching technique to address potential self-selection bias. Our results reveal that adoption decisions are significantly influenced by factors such as education, farm size, group membership, gender, extension services, access to credit, access to weather forecast information, risk perceptions, access to a reliable source of water for irrigation, awareness of rainwater harvesting techniques, and awareness of subsidy programs. In addition, the results show that the adoption of SSITs has a significantly positive impact on land productivity. The study concludes with policy implications that highlight the need to promote the adoption of SSITs among farmers as a strategy to improve agricultural productivity and food security in Rwanda.