Fast and efficient discrimination of the Isotoma viridis group (Insecta: Collembola) by PCR-RFLP

Identification of collembolan species is generally based on specific morphological characters, such as chaetotaxy and pigmentation pattern. However, some specimens do not match to described characters because these refer to adult specimens, often of one specific sex, or the characters are highly variable in adults (e.g. pigmentation, setae or furcal teeth). Isozymes have frequently assisted species discrimination, and also these may vary with developmental stage or environmental conditions. For identification of single species of the Isotoma viridis group, we present both direct sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase subunit II (COII) gene and a simple DNA-based molecular method.

Five PCR primers amplifying the COII region (717 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA were used. The sequences clearly separated the species I. viridis, I. riparia and I. anglicana, irrespective of colour varieties within the first species. DNA amplification products of different species can also be distinguished by digestion with restriction endonucleases, followed by gel electrophoresis for separation of fragments. This restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), obtained after digestion with the endonucleases TaqI, VspI, MvaI and Bsp143I, revealed specific fragments that separated the three species from each other. Since restriction enzymes are sensitive to single base mutations, we suggest to use a combination of enzymes with at least two species-specific restriction sites when using the RFLP technique. For the I. viridis complex, VspI and Bsp143I appear to be an appropriate combination.     

稻瘟病拮抗菌NK413的鉴定及抑菌效果

菌株NK413是从黑龙江省农田土壤中分离得到的一株放线菌,为明确其分类地位及在植物病害生物防治中的应用潜力,采用多相分类法对其进行鉴定,并采用孢子萌发抑制法、菌丝生长速率法、杯碟法考察了NK413菌株及其代谢产物对稻瘟病菌的抑菌效果及作用方式。结果表明:菌株NK413的形态特征、生理生化特征与小白链霉菌(Streptomyces albulus)接近,细胞壁类型为Ⅰ型、磷脂脂肪酸成分符合链霉菌属特征。16S rDNA全长为1 614 bp,与小白链霉菌亲缘关系最近,因此将NK413定名为小白链霉菌(S.albulusNK413)。NK413对稻瘟病菌孢子萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用较强,原液对稻瘟病菌的抑菌圈直径达30 mm,无菌发酵滤液稀释1倍对孢子萌发的抑制率为100%,稀释5倍时对菌丝生长的抑制率为100%。抗菌谱广,具有较好的开发前景。     

豪猪源福氏志贺菌的分离鉴定及喹诺酮类耐药基因检测

为调查四川省某规模化豪猪养殖场中豪猪大面积腹泻死亡的原因,本研究采集病死豪猪的肠道内容物和肺脏等病料样品进行细菌的分离纯化,通过培养特性观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定、16S rRNA基因的克隆测序进行鉴定,并对分离菌株进行致病性、耐药性分析,对其喹诺酮类耐药基因进行PCR检测并测序分析。结果显示,分离得到1株革兰阴性菌,该分离株符合福氏志贺菌的培养特性和生化特性,并且其16S rRNA基因序列与福氏志贺菌该基因序列的同源性为99%;对小鼠具有较强致病性;药敏试验结果显示分离株具有多重耐药性,仅对丁胺卡那敏感,对喹诺酮类、四环素类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、青霉素类和氯霉素类药物均表现为耐药;分离株的DNA促旋酶Ⅱ和拓扑异构酶Ⅳ的喹诺酮耐药决定区均有突变,且携带有质粒介导的喹诺酮耐药基因qnr A和qnr S。本研究是国内首次关于豪猪源福氏志贺菌病的报道,为豪猪养殖中该细菌性疾病的诊断防治等相关研究提供参考。     

玉米苗期杂草的计算机识别技术研究

利用计算机视觉技术和人工神经网络技术对识别玉米苗期田间杂草进行了研究。首先利用类间方差最大自动阈值法二值化杂草图像的超绿特征,再进行连续腐蚀与膨胀,然后根据长宽比、圆度、第一不变矩3个形状特征由BP网络识别出玉米幼苗,最后利用种子填充法从阈值分割结果中擦除玉米目标,剩余的就是杂草目标。研究表明,基于BP网络的杂草识别算法对玉米幼苗与杂草的正确识别率分别为87.5%和93.0%,处理一幅640×480像素的杂草图像平均耗时约为58 ms。     

河流地貌单元研究综述

在河流生态系统嵌套层级结构中,地貌单元作为水流和泥沙输移过程的物理表现,是表征河流形态的重要斑块。多样的河流地貌单元特征决定了栖息地的多样性特征,为生态过程提供了物理基础。为更好地理解地貌单元的结构与功能,通过辨析河流地貌单元内涵,对其分类体系与识别方法、地貌单元的生态响应进行了归纳梳理,并总结了河流地貌单元在栖息地调查评估、河流地貌单元制图及河流分类等方面的应用,从而为认识自然河流、修复受损河流提供技术支持。     

ITS—RFLP分析进行昆虫病原线虫斯氏属和异小杆属的分类鉴定

本研究通过PCR扩增和六种限制性内切酶（AluⅠ，HinfⅠ，MboⅠ，RsaⅠ，HaeⅢ和PvuⅡ）酶切，对国内害虫防治上常用的几种昆虫病原线虫，包括斯氏属S.car-pocapsae,S.feltiae和S.glaseri以及异小杆属H.bacteriophora,H.zealandica,H.indicus和H.megidis等8个品系rDNA-ITS进行分析。建立起可以区分各线虫种的标准RFLP图谱。该方法快速简便，稳定可靠，需要的样品量少。可以用于新鲜的，或冻存的样品，甚至分析单条的线虫，不仅可进行昆虫病原线虫的快速分类鉴定。而且进一步可以应用于线虫田间释放的辅助监测。实际田间感染率的测定和线虫毒力的比较。     

基于RFlD技术的动物标识及疫病可追溯体系

研究旨在通过基于RFID技术的动物标识及疫病可追溯体系的建立,提供可靠真实的相关信息,帮助国家对重大动物疫病防控和动物产品安全问题进行有效追踪、溯源并及时解决。在介绍RF1D技术原理及其主要特点的同时,提出了RFID技术在动物的饲养和屠宰中的应用设想,并对RFID在动物标识及疫病可追溯体系中的技术应用进行了展望。     

中国图书馆RFID文献研究与启示

RFID近年来成为图书馆研究的热点。为了更好地研究和利用RFID技术为图书馆服务,以2000年-2011年间CNKI数据库收录的关于图书馆RFID应用的文献为研究对象,运用文献计量学方法,分别进行栽文分析、著者分析、期刊分析和主题分析。     

Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness among walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes based on RAPD markers

The potential use of the Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique for characterization and assessment of genetic relationships was investigated in nineteen walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes used as parents or released as cultivars from the breeding program of the University of California at Davis. Most of the 72 decamer primers used yielded scorable amplification patterns based on discernable bands. The results obtained produced a unique fingerprint for each of the walnut genotypes studied. Cluster analysis separated the 19 walnut genotypes into two main groups whose differences were related to their pedigree. Genotypes sharing common parents tend to group together and with at least one of the parents. Thus, RAPD markers can detect enough polymorphism to differentiate among walnut genotypes, even among closely related genotypes, and the genetic similarity based on RAPDs appears to reflect the known pedigree information. RAPD technology can be useful in current walnut breeding programs, allowing the identification of new cultivars as well as the assessment of the genetic similarity among genotypes which will help in selecting the best parents to obtain new genetic combinations. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

常用玉米自交系抗旱性及抗旱性鉴定指标研究

采用人工水分胁迫处理,通过植物生理学方法,对10个常用玉米自交系进行了抗旱性研究。结果表明,不同玉米自交系存在明显差异,沈136、齐319、丹598和沈137耐旱性较好,可以作为玉米耐旱育种的基础材料。干旱胁迫下,玉米植株叶片相对含水量、丙二醛含量、电导率和ASI与玉米子粒产量极显著相关,能够比较准确地评价玉米自交系抗旱性的强弱,和抗旱系数、抗旱指数一样可以作为玉米育种耐旱自交系筛选的鉴定指标。