管道3PE防腐涂层补口技术标准及规范对比分析

通过对比国内外热收缩带(套)补口技术规范及标准,分析了各项性能指标间的差异,包括材料性能指标、安装工艺及质量检验.指出管道表面处理及底漆涂装是影响热收缩带(套)安装系统性能的重要因素,提出了工程技术规范编制建议.     

3类生境下脐橙果实细胞壁酶、瓤囊壁超微结构和品质变化的研究

为改进脐橙果实质地和科学生态区划与高品质栽培技术提供理论依据,研究了四川3类不同生境下脐橙果实果胶甲酯酶(PE)、多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)、纤维素酶(CX)、瓤囊壁超微结构及主要品质指标的变化。结果表明:果实生长发育期细胞壁酶活性逐渐升高,但不同生境类型的变化趋势不同。超微结构中,南亚热带攀枝花脐橙的线粒体明显,中胶层清晰,细胞壁形态结构较完整;中亚热带江安和中北亚热带雅安脐橙细胞壁的中胶层明显裂解,线粒体膜分解,细胞器空泡化。不同生境SSC和可溶性糖差异显著。PG酶活性与≥10℃积温、1月份平均气温、年平均气温显著负相关,与年降雨量显著正相关。固酸比与≥10℃积温、年平均气温、1月均气温极显著正相关,与日照时数极显著正相关,与降雨量显著负相关。     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

新型全防护拉索在管道跨越中的应用

介绍了新型全防护拉索在管道跨越中的应用，以往管道跨越采用不同规格钢丝绳作为承重索，抗风索，但由于钢丝绳本身的结构特点，给管道跨越设计施工带来了很多困难，苏州华能热网工程首次采用高强钢丝新型全防护拉索作为管道跨越的承重索及抗风索，效果很好，就这种新型全防护拉索的帛作技术及其特点进行了详细描述。     

Using participatory epidemiological techniques to estimate the relative incidence and impact on livelihoods of livestock diseases amongst nomadic pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya

A participatory epidemiological (PE) study was carried out with Turkana pastoralists in Turkana South District, Kenya, to determine the relative incidence of livestock diseasess and their impact on livelihoods. A sub-location was used as the sampling unit. A sub-location is the smallest administrative unit and is occupied by clusters of families (called adakars) that share common grazing patterns. A total of 32 sub-locations were randomly selected for the study. At least one focus group discussion involving more than 10 people was held with each adakar. In addition, key informant interviews involving local leaders and animal health service providers were conducted before or after the group sessions. PE techniques that were used with the stock owners include participatory mapping, relative incidence scoring, proportional piling, disease impact matrix scoring, seasonal calendars and probing. The methods used were pre-tested in four sub-locations that were excluded from further study. The study revealed that goats, with median score of 33 (10th and 90th percentiles of 25, 44, respectively) and sheep, median score of 20.5 (15, 26) were perceived to be the most abundant livestock species while goats (median score of 32 [21, 56]) and camels (median score of 22.5 [11, 33]) contributed the most to the livelihoods of the pastoralists. For goats, the overall relative incidence scores of peste des petits ruminants (PPR), contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) and mange were 23.5% (15, 34), 25% (21, 45) and 20% (19, 28), respectively. The respective median scores for case fatality rates were 66% (45, 76.5), 62.5% (25, 100) and 73.2% (21.4, 85.7). Disease impact matrix scores indicated that mange was the most important disease of goats. Mange (range: 28–32%) and pox (range: 16–38%) were perceived to be the most prevalent diseases in camels. Livestock movements, limited access to veterinary services and stock theft were identified as key factors that contributed to the high prevalence and persistence of these diseases. This paper discusses strategies that could be used to control these diseases given the challenges associated with nomadic pastoralism and insecurity.     

苹果低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用研究

利用0.12mm聚乙烯薄膜大帐进行低氧气调新组合的较大规模应用试验,对2394kg玫瑰红苹果进行低氧处理,帐内O2浓度可下调至约2%,CO2浓度可自动维持在5%～8%的较理想状态,处理结束后很易转为MA自发气调。低氧处理后再MA贮藏的苹果,虎皮病果率低、症状轻,腐烂果少,果柄和果皮新鲜,叶绿素保持效果好,果肉硬度明显高于小包装气调和冷藏对照。说明利用塑膜大帐进行前期低氧新组合处理与后期自发气调、实现低氧气调新组合贮后效应的利用是可行的。     

乙纶发光网线在张网拖网上的初步应用

试验结果表明，发光网线应用于被动性张网渔具时，增产效果不明显，而且还必须考虑资源保护和解决光源激发问题。在拖网渔具上应用时，能提高渔获效率，夜间生产效果高于白天，而且调整方便。     

热处理对轻度加工葡萄细胞壁组分及相关酶活性的影响

以红地球葡萄为试材,研究了热水与热空气处理对轻度加工葡萄细胞壁水解酶活性的影响。结果表明,热处理可极显著地抑制轻度加工葡萄PG活性的上升,可显著地抑制贮藏后期（60～90天）PE活性;热处理轻度加工葡萄的硬度与PE活性呈显著负相关性,相关系数达到-0．7573,但与PG活性无相关性;轻度加工葡萄在贮藏过程中Cx活性缓慢上升,热处理显著地抑制了Cx活性的上升;热处理葡萄硬度的变化与Cx活性呈极显著负相关,相关系数r达到-0．9289;热处理对果胶含量的影响与对照比较差异不显著。     

不同厚度PE膜包装对鲜食石榴籽粒保鲜效果的影响

以陕西临潼"净皮甜"鲜食石榴籽粒为试材,采用不同厚度(0.02、0.03、0.04、0.05 mm)PE保鲜膜对石榴籽粒进行包装,在(4±1)℃条件下贮藏,定期对包装袋内气体含量、可溶性固形物含量、色泽、DPPH自由基清除能力、总酚、花色苷、细胞膜透性进行测定,研究不同厚度PE膜对石榴籽粒保鲜效果及感官品质评价的影响。结果表明,不同厚度的包装膜对石榴籽粒的颜色及花色苷的含量无显著影响,但随着厚度的增加,呼吸作用明显受到抑制,并可较好地保持可溶性固形物含量及总酚含量,提高DPPH自由基清除能力,抑制相对电导率的增加,保持较好的感官品质。其中,0.05 mm厚的PE包装袋对石榴籽粒的保鲜效果最佳。     

PLA膜包装对白玉菇子实体保鲜效果的研究

为了研究PLA膜包装对白玉菇子实体的保鲜效果,以未包装和PE膜包装为对照,考察了在20~25℃,相对湿度90%条件下贮藏5天,PLA膜包装对白玉菇子实体感官评分和各项生理指标的影响。结果表明：贮藏5天时间内,相对于未包装和PE膜包装,PLA膜包装能使白玉菇子实体感官品质好、硬度高、水分失重低、褐变小、CAT酶下降小、PPO酶上升少、微生物总菌量滋生少。PLA膜包装有利于抑制包装后白玉菇子实体的呼吸,减少总糖、氨基酸含量的降低,维持了白玉菇的感官质量与品质,使其具有更好的保鲜效果,货架期延长,产品商业价值更高。