模拟动物胆囊研制与利用技术研究

对２０头黄牛通过手术方法将模拟动物胆囊植入牛腹腔内，术后３个月在模拟动物胆囊内形成培植牛黄９．５５±２．８１ｇ，经模拟动物胆囊引流胆汁３８．７２±１９．４０Ｌ。对２０个培植牛黄样品成分含量测定，胆红素为２８．７２±８．８４％，胆酸为１０．０３±２．７６％。培植牛黄电镜扫描呈蜂窝状结构；培植牛黄石腊切片后进行ＰＡＳ、Ａｌｃｉａｎ蓝－ＰＡＳ、ＡｌｉｚａｒｉｎｒｅｄＳ钙染色，证明培植牛黄的基质为中性粘多糖和少重酸性粘多糖构成。对模拟动物胆囊内胆汁成分含量测定表明，胆酸含量始终较术前明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０１），粘蛋白含量较术前升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）。培植牛黄的药理作用和急性毒性和天然牛黄相似。模拟胆囊内含菌量增加，达１．７亿个／ｍ１，主要为大肠杆菌。     

苹果潜隐病毒快速检测

该文以优系短枝富士为主要试材，采用木本指示植物和间接酶联免疫（ＰＡＳ－ＥＬＩＳＡ）两种方法，对苹果褪绿叶斑病毒（ＣＬＳＶ）、苹果茎沟病毒（ＳＧＶ）和苹果茎痘病毒（ＳＰＶ）进行了检测．试验表明，俄罗斯苹果Ｒ１２７４０－７Ａ、司派２２７和弗吉尼亚小苹果３种指示植物可作为上述３种潜在病毒的鉴定植物．植物生长状况对鉴定结果有重大影响．间接酶联免疫检测速度快，准确度高．该试验所用最佳抗体工作浓度ＣＬＳＶ：第一抗体１／６０００，第二抗体１／２０００；ＳＧＶ：第一抗体１／５０００，第二抗体１／３０００．     

小灵通基站后备式UPS电源系统

文章采用复用技术,利用小灵通基站控制器(Cell Station Controller,CSC)与基站(Cell Station,CS)之间的通信线路(双绞线),实现ISDN信号和后备电源的同时传输,解决小灵通基站供市电电源停电问题,以保通信不中断。     

Characterisation of starch during germination and seedling development of a rice mutant with a high content of resistant starch

To acquire a better understanding of whether RS influences the dynamics of in vivo starch digestion and seed vigour, the high-RS rice mutant RS4 (RS ca. 10%) and the wild type R7954 were used to investigate total amylase activity, seedling vigour, starch content and starch granule structure during germination. RS4 exhibited similar seed vigour to R7954. Amylose and amylopectin in R7954 showed synchronous degradation throughout the whole process, while amylopectin was hydrolysed significantly faster than amylose in RS4 during the earlier germination stages. The starch residues of RS4 after germination (GD) lost endotherm peaks and showed a special X-ray diffraction pattern with only two peaks at around 16.90° and 21.62°, probably due to remnants of amylopectin and its tight crosslinking with the cell wall. The remaining starch after 10 GD, primarily amylopectin may make a critical contribution to total resistant starch content. These results indicated that RS had no negative impact on seed vigour in rice lines, although RS cannot be hydrolysed by α-amylase from human and animal in vitro. By appropriately increasing the special amylopectin fraction, a new breeding programme of high RS crops and improvement in the eating quality of high RS rice varieties might be achieved.     

基于PAS2050规范的绿茶生产中碳排放分析

针对四川省茶叶企业两条扁形芽茶常用机制生产线,按照PAS2050规范,用LCA方法研究绿茶生产的碳排放,确定生命周期,绘制生命周期图,并比较不同机制生产线碳排放量,确定碳排放关键点,提出降低碳排放的路径。结果表明,绿茶加工过程中发热机械设备能源消耗是碳排放的关键点,比较两条生产线不同能源碳排放量,提出改善能源消耗结构、使用清洁能源促进绿茶的低碳生产。     

Effect of temperature and phytoplankton concentration of Partitioned Aquaculture System water on freshwater mussel filtration

The freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata was provided green algal‐dominated water from a Partitioned Aquaculture System (PAS) over a range of water temperatures (6.1–32.4 °C) and suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations (<1–32.2 mg C L^?1) to determine filtration rates as mg POC kg^?1 wet tissue weight h^?1. The lowest filtration rates were observed at lowest temperatures and POC concentrations while the highest rates were at intermediate temperatures and the highest POC levels. The predicted filtration rate (PFR) in response to water temperature and POC concentrations was as follows: ln PFR=1.4352+0.1192 POC+0.1399 T?0.0001 T³. Within the experimental conditions, PFRs at any POC concentration increased with increased water temperature to a peak at 22 °C and then decreased. The maximum PFR occurred at 22 °C and 32 mg C L^?1 and the minimum PFR at 7 °C and 1 mg C L^?1. A model to describe the mussel filtration rate responses to PAS water conditions involves both water temperature and POC concentration.     

Effect of temperature and phytoplankton concentration on Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) filtration rate

Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) held in timed‐pulse feeding chambers, were provided with algal‐rich water dominated by either green algae (Scenedesmus, Ankistrodesmus, Chlorella and Tetraedron) or cyanobacteria (Microcystis) to determine the effect of temperature and phytoplankton concentration on filtration rates. Green algae and cyanobacteria filtration rates were measured as suspended particulate organic carbon (POC) kg^?1 wet fish weight h^?1. Ivlev's filter‐feeding model described the relationships between filtration rates and suspended POC concentration of green algae and cyanobacteria. Filtration rates of both green algae and cyanobacteria increased linearly as water temperature increased from 17 °C to 32 °C and were significantly higher in the warm‐water regime (26–32 °C) than in the cool‐water regime (17–23 °C). Filtration rates at 95% saturation POC (FR₉₅) in green algal and cyanobacterial waters were 700 mg C kg^?1 h^?1 and 851 mg C kg^?1 h^?1 in the warm‐water regime and 369 mg C kg^?1 h^?1 and 439 mg C kg^?1 h^?1 in the cool‐water regime respectively. The FR₉₅ in warm water were achieved at lower POC concentrations than in cool water.     

Recruitment pattern of muscle fibre type during high intensity exercise (60-100% VO2max) in thoroughbred horses

To consider the optimal training programme for Thoroughbred horses, we examined the recruitment pattern of muscle fibres including hybrid muscle fibres in well-trained Thoroughbred horses. The horses performed exercise at three different intensities and durations; i.e., 100% VO2max for 4 min, 80% and 60% VO2max for 8 min on a treadmill with 10% incline. Muscle samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle before, during (4 min at 80% and 60% VO2max), and after exercise. Four muscle fibre types (types I, IIA, IIA/IIX, and IIX) were immunohistochemically identified, and optical density of periodic acid Schiff staining (OD-PAS) in each fibre type, and the glycogen content of the muscle sample, were determined by quantitative histochemical and biochemical procedures. The changes in OD-PAS showed that the recruitment of all fibre types were identical at the final time stage of each exercise bout, i.e., 4 min running at 100% VO2max, and 8 min running at 80% and 60% VO2max. The changes in OD-PAS of type IIA/IIX fibre were very similar to those of type IIX fibre. The recruitment of these fibres were obviously more facilitated by 4 min running at 100% VO2max than by 4 min running at 80% or 60% VO2max. Short duration with high intensity exercise, such as 4 min running at 100% VO2max or 8 min running at 80% or 60% VO2max, is effective to stimulate type IIX fibre and IIA/IIX fibres that have the fastest speed of contraction.     

宁都黄鸡泌尿系统的组织学研究

本研究旨在了解宁都黄鸡泌尿系统的组织学特征,观察PAS阳性物质和肥大细胞在宁都黄鸡泌尿系统中的分布。通过石蜡切片,采用H.E染色,观察宁都黄鸡泌尿系统的显微结构;采用PAS反应法及甲苯胺蓝染色鉴定阳性细胞分布情况。结果显示,宁都黄鸡泌尿系统由一对长条豆荚状的肾脏组成,每侧肾脏有一支输尿管,无膀胱和脂肪囊。肾实质由若干肾小叶构成,有皮质和髓质之分。肾小体体积较小,肾小球结构简单,数量众多。肾脏内有较多PAS阳性细胞,主要分布于肾小管间的结缔组织、肾小球基底膜以及连接小管上皮细胞的顶部。肥大细胞体积较大,呈紫红色,多为圆形和梭形,主要分布于肾小管间的结缔组织和肾小体内。结果表明,宁都黄鸡泌尿系统与常见家禽的泌尿系统显微结构相似,PAS反应法对鉴定宁都黄鸡肾小球基底膜的病理变化及研究预防尿结石的发生有重要意义,肥大细胞对宁都黄鸡泌尿系统疾病的防御具有积极的作用。     

Use of FTIR‐PAS combined with chemometrics to quantify nutritional information in rapeseeds (Brassica napus)

Fast acquisition of nutritional information of rapeseeds is important for rapeseed breeding programs, evaluation of soil nutrient conditions and even fertilization recommendations. Fourier transform mid‐infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy (FTIR‐PAS) was employed to determine nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in rapeseeds. Calibration models were developed using both partial least squares (PLS) and partial least squares combined with direct orthogonal signal correction (DOSC‐PLS). According to the values of RPD (ratio of prediction to deviation), the PLS models for nitrogen and phosphorus were acceptable, while the PLS model for potassium needed to be improved. By contrast, DOSC‐PLS models obtained the better predictive accuracy with RPD values of 2.54, 2.10 and 1.94 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively. This work demonstrates the good performance of FTIR‐PAS for rapid and non‐destructive quantification of nutritional information in rapeseeds.