Evaluation of ground grain versus pre- and post-pellet whole grain additions to poultry diets via a response surface design

1. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of pre- and post-pellet whole grain wheat additions to diets on growth performance, gizzard and pancreas development, nutrient utilisation and starch and protein (N) digestibility coefficients in broiler chickens via an equilateral triangle response surface design.

2. The three apical treatments of the equilateral triangle comprised (1A) a standard diet containing 600 g/kg ground wheat, (2B) the same diet containing 600 g/kg pre-pellet whole wheat and (3C) the same diet containing 300 g/kg ground wheat and 300 g/kg post-pellet whole wheat. Seven blends of the three apical diets were located within the triangle to complete the design and a total of 360 male Ross 308 chicks were offered the ten experimental diets from 7 to 28 d post-hatch. Model prediction and response surface plots were generated with R 3.0.3 software.

3. The most efficient FCR of 1.466 was observed in birds offered an almost equal mixture of the pre- and post-pellet whole grain apical dietary treatments, which corresponded to 172 g/kg ground grain, 256 g/kg pre-pellet whole grain, 172 g/kg post-pellet whole grain in a diet containing 600 g/kg wheat.

4. The most efficient energy utilisation (ME:GE ratio of 0.766) was observed in birds offered a blend of the ground grain and pre-pellet whole grain apical dietary treatments which corresponded to a mixture of 384 g/kg pre-pellet whole grain and 216 g/kg ground grain.

5. Pre-pellet whole grain feeding generated the most pronounced responses in increased relative gizzard contents, reduced gizzard pH and increased relative pancreas weights. Consideration is given to the likely differences between pre- and post-pellet whole grain feeding.     

高等级公路生物护坡工程模式设计

根据高等级公路边坡的土体特性 ,将边坡分成硬质材料覆盖坡面、松软基质坡面、紧实基质坡面三种类型 ,按照不同类型边坡的土壤组成结构、坡角大小及物种选择的理论依据和生物护坡工程实践 ,提出了各类型的边坡应采取的绿化施工手段及物种选择与组合搭配的一般规律     

氮、磷、钾配施对草原3号苜蓿干草产量的影响

采用“3414”试验设计对草原3号苜蓿进行大田施肥,通过对苜蓿干草产量进行多元回归分析和模拟寻优分析来探索氮、磷、钾肥的肥料效应。结果表明,施肥在不同程度上增加了苜蓿干草产量,增产幅度在7.20%~26.85%之间,增产最高的施肥处理是P2K1N1;在单因子施肥效应中,苜蓿干草产量随着磷肥施入量增加而增加,随着钾肥和氮肥施入量增加而先增加后降低。在两因子互作效应中,氮磷、磷钾互作对苜蓿干草产量具有一定的促进作用,氮钾互作对苜蓿干草产量具有一定抑制作用。通过模拟寻优分析得到最优施肥配比为P2O5 180.22kg/hm^2、K2O 52.82kg/hm^2、N 41.84kg/hm^2,产量达11257.09kg/hm^2。磷、钾、氮以及饲草产量的最优配比区间分别为178.2~182.33kg/hm^2、51.38~54.38kg/hm^2、40.8~42.9kg/hm^2、11247.36~11266.82kg/hm^2。     

柱花草高产栽培综合农艺措施的研究

试验采用５因素二交正交旋转组合回归设计,对柱花草高产栽培的综合农艺措施进行研究,并建立了千物质产量与种植密度,收割次数、施过磷酸钙量、施复合肥量、喷施钼酸铵浓度先进５项农艺措施之间的数学模型,通过模型解析和寻优,得出在试验条件下,５项农艺措施对热研２号柱花草产量影响的程度依次为：收缩次数〉种植密度〉复合肥量〉施过磷酸钙量〉喷施钼酸铵浓度,并得出高产栽培组合方案。     

正交试验方法在铺地百里香扦插繁殖中的应用研究

应用正交试验方法,对园林芳香草坪新种--铺地百里香Thymus serpyllum进行了扦插繁殖试验研究.结果表明,扦插基质是影响铺地百里香扦插繁殖的主要因素,其次为插穗、NAA浓度、插穗在NAA中的浸泡时间;四因素的最佳水平组合为A2B2C2D2,即剪取上部枝条4～5 cm,去顶芽后,用珍珠岩做扦插基质,在浓度为100 mg/L的NAA中浸泡5 min,铺地百里香的扦插效果最为理想.     

INVITED REVIEW: STUDY DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR CLINICAL RESEARCH IN VETERINARY RADIOLOGY AND RADIATION ONCOLOGY

High quality clinical research is essential for advancing knowledge in the areas of veterinary radiology and radiation oncology. Types of clinical research studies may include experimental studies, method‐comparison studies, and patient‐based studies. Experimental studies explore issues relative to pathophysiology, patient safety, and treatment efficacy. Method‐comparison studies evaluate agreement between techniques or between observers. Patient‐based studies investigate naturally acquired disease and focus on questions asked in clinical practice that relate to individuals or populations (e.g., risk, accuracy, or prognosis). Careful preplanning and study design are essential in order to achieve valid results. A key point to planning studies is ensuring that the design is tailored to the study objectives. Good design includes a comprehensive literature review, asking suitable questions, selecting the proper sample population, collecting the appropriate data, performing the correct statistical analyses, and drawing conclusions supported by the available evidence. Most study designs are classified by whether they are experimental or observational, longitudinal or cross‐sectional, and prospective or retrospective. Additional features (e.g., controlled, randomized, or blinded) may be described that address bias. Two related challenging aspects of study design are defining an important research question and selecting an appropriate sample population. The sample population should represent the target population as much as possible. Furthermore, when comparing groups, it is important that the groups are as alike to each other as possible except for the variables of interest. Medical images are well suited for clinical research because imaging signs are categorical or numerical variables that might be predictors or outcomes of diseases or treatments.     

激素对白三叶愈伤组织形成的影响及体细胞胚的组织学观察

以白三叶3个品种瑞文德、铺地和海法的子叶和下胚轴为外植体,采用正交设计试验研究2,4-D、6-BA和KT三种生长调节剂的不同浓度水平对白三叶愈伤组织诱导及继代的影响,筛选最佳激素组合并进行体细胞胚的组织学观察.结果表明:同一品种同一时期不同外植体愈伤诱导的最佳激素组合不相同,不同品种间也不一致;瑞文德子叶胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.35mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L,下胚轴为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.2mg/L+KT 0.35mg/L;铺地子叶胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L,下胚轴为改良SH+2,4 D 5mg/L+6-BA 0.35mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L;海法子叶胚性愈伤诱导的最佳培养基为改良SH+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA 0.2mg/L+KT 0.35mg/L,下胚轴为改良SH+2,4-D5mg/L+6-BA 0.5mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L.组织学观察表明,体细胞胚的发育经历球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚及子叶胚四个阶段后形成一个完整的体细胞胚.     

《畜产品加工》课程教学内容的研究与设计

通过介绍《畜产品加工》课程教学内容设计的全过程,重点对畜产品加工相关岗位典型工作任务和职业能力进行分析,围绕课程设计的理念和思路,紧密结合教学规律和学生的认知规律,对课程教学内容的设计进行了论述,旨在为探索中等职业学校《畜产品加工》课程教学内容改革提供参考。     

中药复方“肾病宁”总化学成分提取工艺研究

目的：本研究旨在提高由金钱草、海金沙、黄芪为主药的中药复方＂肾病宁＂的临床疗效,为中药复方剂型改良和工业化生产提供科学依据。方法：采用正交试验设计结合单因素考察,对复方水提工艺进行优化,以水提后的总提取物干膏重量为考察指标,选用L（934）正交表设计试验,对浸泡时间、用水量、煎煮时间、煎煮次数4个因素进行优化。结果：复方水提最佳工艺为浸泡时间0.5 h,加水量10倍,煎煮时间1.5 h,煎煮4次。结论：工艺组合稳定可靠,水提干膏平均收率为24.55%（24.68%、24.98%、24.0%）,均接近正交方案中的最高值。     

猪场建设中“水”问题的探讨

给水及排水是在猪场规划建设时就应该统筹考虑的重大问题。从给水工程设计和废水处理两方面探讨了猪场建设中所涉及的"水"问题,介绍了水源、水量、水质、水温控制、施工要点、废水处理方式等诸多细节,以供同行参考。