用于滴灌的碟式分离机的转鼓有限元优化设计

碟式分离机的转鼓是一个复杂的锥体,按照传统算法进行其强度计算,得到的结果往往具有很大的质量富余,从而影响到分离机的综合经济指标.为解决这一问题,在有限元应力分析的基础上,以转鼓的总质量为目标函数,以其部分结构参数为优化参数,建立了转鼓的优化设计数学模型.该模型为多维约束优化问题,选取了惩罚函数内点法进行求解,并给出了算法流程图.对实际转鼓的优化结果表明,在保证强度、刚度的前提下,可使分离机的转鼓质量减小24.2%,可提高机械效率,延长转鼓使用寿命.     

正交试验方法在铺地百里香扦插繁殖中的应用研究

应用正交试验方法,对园林芳香草坪新种--铺地百里香Thymus serpyllum进行了扦插繁殖试验研究.结果表明,扦插基质是影响铺地百里香扦插繁殖的主要因素,其次为插穗、NAA浓度、插穗在NAA中的浸泡时间;四因素的最佳水平组合为A2B2C2D2,即剪取上部枝条4～5 cm,去顶芽后,用珍珠岩做扦插基质,在浓度为100 mg/L的NAA中浸泡5 min,铺地百里香的扦插效果最为理想.     

An initial survey of the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) in Nicaragua

After the civil war and the Hurricane-Mitch disaster, cattlemen in Nicaragua were forced to transport their cattle from lowland areas to higher, dryer areas of the country. These areas are natural ecological niches for the cattle grub Dermatobia hominis (L. Jr.) (Diptera: Cuterebridae). To determine the importance of this infestation, the Agricultural and Livestock-Forestry Ministry selected a central area of Nicaragua to run a pioneer survey program to acquire information about hosts involved, number of cases, treatments applied and general knowledge of 42 farmers about the life cycle of the parasite. The subjects were either farm owners or farm managers. Ninety-five percentage of the farms indicated cases of D. hominis infestation in their animals, with cattle being the most affected host (100% of the affected farms). There was poor understanding of the D. hominis life cycle, vectors and control methods. A misuse of insecticides for the treatment of larval infestation by D. hominis was indicated.     

基于响应式Web的农业网站设计方法研究

响应式Web由于其适应全设备的特点,已成为当今网站设计的主流。该研究从对响应式Web的介绍和关键技术的分析入手,结合国内外响应式Web应用的现状,提出了农业网站响应式Web的设计流程,并对页面布局作出了多种方案分析,为农业网站建设提供参考。     

甘薯膳食纤维提取工艺的研究

试验模拟甘薯淀粉提取过程获得甘薯渣,通过单因素与正交试验研究了各种酶添加量对膳食纤维提取率的影响,确定糖化酶为主要酶,并且通过正交试验确定了糖化酶酶解条件(温度、时间、pH值)的最优组合。试验结果表明,各种酶的最适添加量分别为:α-淀粉酶1.4mL/g、胰蛋白酶0.5mL/g、糖化酶为5.0mL/g,其中,糖化酶是影响提取率的主要酶。糖化酶酶解的最佳工艺条件为:温度60℃,时间40min,pH值4.5。在最优工艺条件下制备甘薯渣膳食纤维产品,对产品进行分析表明,总膳食纤维提取率为81.6%,其中可溶性膳食纤维提取率可达25.7%,甘薯渣膳食纤维的膨胀力和持水力分别达到3.42mL/g和665%。     

均匀设计法优化金银花水煎液絮凝提取工艺的研究

用均匀设计法优化金银花水煎液絮凝提取工艺。考察了絮凝剂浓度、絮凝时间、pH、温度4个因素对金银花水煎液提取率的影响，得到金银花水煎液絮凝提取工艺的优化条件为絮凝剂浓度2．0％、絮凝时间20min、pH5．0、温度50℃，并对絮凝后的金银花水煎液进行了絮凝效果检验。此工艺较好地去除了蛋白质、鞣质、淀粉等杂质，保留了有效成分绿原酸。选用絮凝法提取效果好，安全度高，可替代传统水提醇沉法。     

Monitoring distances travelled by horses using GPS tracking collars

Objective The aims of this work were to (1) develop a low-cost equine movement tracking collar based on readily available components, (2) conduct preliminary studies assessing the effects of both paddock size and internal fence design on the movements of domestic horses, with and without foals at foot, and (3) describe distances moved by mares and their foals. Additional monitoring of free-ranging feral horses was conducted to allow preliminary comparisons with the movement of confined domestic horses. Procedures A lightweight global positioning system (GPS) data logger modified from a personal/vehicle tracker and mounted on a collar was used to monitor the movement of domestic horses in a range of paddock sizes and internal fence designs for 6.5-day periods. Results In the paddocks used (0.8–16 ha), groups of domestic horses exhibited a logarithmic response in mean daily distance travelled as a function of increasing paddock size, tending asymptotically towards approximately 7.5 km/day. The distance moved by newborn foals was similar to their dams, with total distance travelled also dependent on paddock size. Without altering available paddock area, paddock design, with the exception of a spiral design, did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled. Feral horses (17.9 km/day) travelled substantially greater mean daily distances than domestic horses (7.2 km/day in 16-ha paddock), even when allowing for larger paddock size. Conclusions Horses kept in stables or small yards and paddocks are quite sedentary in comparison with their feral relatives. For a given paddock area, most designs did not significantly affect mean daily distance travelled.     

正交设计优化草地早熟禾SRAP-PCR反应体系及引物筛选

采用L9(34)正交试验设计方法,对草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)基因组DNA SRAP PCR反应体系中的Taq DNA聚合酶、Mg2+、引物及dNTP四因素的用量进行优化,并比较不同模板DNA用量对扩增的影响,建立草地早熟禾SRAP PCR最佳反应体系,同时,利用该体系对SRAP引物进行筛选。结果表明,草地早熟禾SRAP PCR最佳反应体系为Taq DNA聚合酶1.0 U、Mg2+ 1.75 mmol·L-1、引物0.25 μmol·L-1、dNTP 220 μmol·L-1、40 ng模板DNA、2 μL 10×PCR buffer,总体积20 μL。运用该体系从100对SRAP引物中筛选出43对引物能够产生清晰稳定的扩增条带且多态性丰富。优化体系的建立及引物的筛选可为今后利用SRAP标记技术对草地早熟禾进行遗传多样性分析、图谱构建、种质资源鉴定奠定技术基础。     

甘肃河西地区生物发酵床保育、育肥猪舍的结构与设计

发醉床养猪,猪舍的建设是发酵床养猪技术成功与否的重要环节,由于我国幅员辽阔,南北气候差异大,发酵床猪舍设计并不相同,在发酵床猪舍设计时,应充分考虑当地的地理位置、气候条件和减少疾病的发生,生物发酵床养猪法对于猪舍建设要求较高,我们经过三年多试验研究,总结出了在甘肃河西地区气候条件下生物发酵床养猪保育、育肥猪舍设计和建设要点。     

坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应与推荐施肥量

采用"3414"试验设计,进行田间试验,研究了坝上地区紫花苜蓿氮、磷、钾肥料效应及推荐施肥量。结果表明:在偏干旱条件下,施氮提高紫花苜蓿产量8%～25%,施磷增产率在122%～172%之间,施钾降低紫花苜蓿产量0～12%;与无肥处理相比,缺磷处理减产38.24%,其余处理增产26%～68%,高磷处理增产率最高(67.94%);氮钾互作效应降低紫花苜蓿产草量,而磷钾和磷氮互作效应为提高;缺氮、缺磷和缺钾处理的相对产量分别为75.02%、36.78%和91.60%,土壤速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的丰缺状况依次为中等、极缺和丰富。结合肥料效应函数法和养分丰缺指标法,得出坝上地区旱作条件下紫花苜蓿推荐年施氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)量分别为80、50和60kg/hm2。