鹿蛋白质营养需要研究进展

综述了近 1 0年国内外主要鹿种蛋白质营养需求的研究结果 ,分别对不同年龄、不同季节及不同生理时期鹿的蛋白质需求作了较为详细的介绍与比较 ,并提出了进一步研究方向     

Longitudinal bone transport for treatment of primary bone tumors in dogs: technique description and outcome in 9 dogs

OBJECTIVE: To describe a surgical technique for bone transport osteogenesis (BTO) limb salvage and report outcome in 9 dogs with primary bone tumors. ANIMALS: Nine dogs with spontaneously occurring primary bone tumors. RESULTS: BTO surgery was performed as a primary means of limb salvage in 7 dogs and as a salvage procedure after catastrophic allograft infection and failure in 2 dogs. Mean defect size was 9.5 cm with a mean of 123 days distraction until docking. Mean time from surgery to fixator removal was 205 days. Minimum follow-up was 9 months. There were 2 histologically confirmed local recurrences where although limb function was excellent, eventually resulted in limb amputation. Limb function was good to excellent in all but 2 dogs; 1 was chronically non-weight bearing before BTO surgery because of complications associated with an allograft limb salvage that had been performed previously on the same limb. The cause of lameness in the other dog was undetermined. CONCLUSIONS: BTO limb salvage can be successful in dogs with primary bone tumors. Whereas allograft limb salvage may be simpler from an initial management perspective, BTO has some unique advantages when compared with the allograft technique. CLINICAL RELEVANCE:BTO has an emerging role in limb salvage surgery for dogs with primary bone tumors. BTO provides excellent long-term outcomes in some dogs with primary bone tumors and will likely become increasingly more attractive as technique modifications allow the duration of the treatment to be shortened.     

Effect of Long-distance Road Transport on Thyroid and Adrenal Function and Haematocrit Values in Limousin Cattle: Influence of Body Weight Decrease

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-distance road transport as a relevant stressor on total and free iodothyronines, cortisol levels and haematocrit values in 10 male Limousin cattle. Serum T₃,T₄,fT₃,fT₄ and cortisol concentrations were analysed by immunoenzymatic assays. Serum cortisol levels and haematocrit modifications were also evaluated on the basis of percentage body weight decrease. The results showed a general increase of total and free iodothyronines and cortisol levels after short-and long-distance road transport and a decrease 15 days after transport, as compared to basal values. Significant positive correlations between T₃ and T₄, between T₃ and fT₃, and between T₄ and fT₄ were found. These results suggest that transport stress induces an increase in the activity of thyroid and adrenal function in Limousin cattle that is evident after even a short-distance road transport and continues to increase after long-distance transport.     

Test of the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) for predicting runoff of atrazine, alachlor and fenamiphos species from conventional-tillage corn mesoplots

The Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) is a comprehensive, integrated physical, biological and chemical process model that simulates plant growth and movement of water, nutrients and pesticides in a representative area of an agricultural system. We tested the ability of RZWQM to predict surface runoff losses of atrazine, alachlor, fenamiphos and two fenamiphos oxidative degradates against results from a 2-year mesoplot rainfall simulation experiment. Model inputs included site-specific soil properties and weather, but default values were used for most other parameters, including pesticide properties. No attempts were made to calibrate the model except for soil crust/seal hydraulic conductivity and an adjustment of pesticide persistence in near-surface soil. Approximately 2.5 (+/- 0.9), 3.0 (+/- 0.8) and 0.3 (+/- 0.2)% of the applied alachlor, atrazine and fenamiphos were lost in surface water runoff, respectively. Runoff losses in the 'critical' events--those occurring 24 h after pesticide application--were respectively 91 (+/- 5), 86 (+/- 6) and 96 (+/- 3)% of total runoff losses for these pesticides. RZWQM adequately predicted runoff water volumes, giving a predicted/observed ratio of 1.2 (+/- 0.5) for all events. Predicted pesticide concentrations and loads from the 'critical' events were generally within a factor of 2, but atrazine losses from these events were underestimated, which was probably a formulation effect, and fenamiphos losses were overestimated due to rapid oxidation. The ratios of predicted to measured pesticide concentrations in all runoff events varied between 0.2 and 147, with an average of 7. Large over-predictions of pesticide runoff occurred in runoff events later in the season when both loads and concentrations were small. The normalized root mean square error for pesticide runoff concentration predictions varied between 42 and 122%, with an average of 84%. Pesticide runoff loads were predicted with a similar accuracy. These results indicate that the soil-water mixing model used in RZWQM is a robust predictor of pesticide entrainment and runoff.     

Profile of Veterinarians and Veterinary Practice in Ghana

This paper presents a profile of veterinary practice and veterinarians in Ghana, as assessed through secondary data and a questionnaire. In all, 123 veterinarians responded, giving a response rate of 85% (123/145). Analysis of the secondary data from 1986–95 revealed that Veterinary Livestock Units (VLU) per veterinarian ranged from 10000 to 16000 and VLU per technical support staff ranged from 2000 to 3000. However, the distribution of the staff within the country was poor, resulting in very high ratios for the Northern, Upper East, Upper West and Volta Regions and low ratios for Central, Ashanti and Eastern Regions. The bulk of the respondents (78%) had 15 or fewer years of experience, with the overall mean being 12 years. The most common animal species handled were small ruminants and the most common activities were prevention/treatment of worms, surgery and giving advice. Lack of transport ranked highest among the constraints to veterinary work. The perceived determinants of effective and efficient service delivery were the availability and efficiency of means of transport, adequacy of logistics, remuneration for staff in rural posts and farmer education in husbandry practices. The respondents perceived poor management techniques of farmers and lack of credit as major factors hindering livestock production in Ghana. The implications of these and other findings are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

姬松茸研究进展

综述了近年来姬松茸生物学特性、栽培技术、营养价值、药效以及镉污染等方面的研究进展。     

长期定位施肥对设施菜田土壤肥力的影响

本试验是长期定位施肥的继续 ,在保持原有的几个偏施氮肥处理的基础上 ,于 1997年增加了配施磷、钾肥的处理。研究表明 :长期单施无机N肥 (不施有机肥 )土壤有机质含量下降 ,施N量越大下降越多 ,而有机肥与N肥配施更有利于土壤有机质的提高。P肥的后效很长 ,不只是对当季作物 ,而且对以后的作物都有很好的后效。速效K含量下降迅速 ,因此在土壤有机质含量较低的情况下应特别注意K素的施用。长期偏施无机N肥加速了土壤的板结 ,破坏了土体的正常结构 ,耕性变坏。     

不同改良措施的研究综述

由于自然因素及人为因素的共同作用,使得我国植被退化日趋严重.综合前人不同的研究成果,探讨了不同改良措施对退化植被的影响。     

光照对非生绒期内蒙古白绒山羊体成分的影响及其应用调控措施

从体成分的角度研究了光照对内蒙古白绒山羊营养分配的影响。结果表明,光照对体成分有较大影响,随着光照时间的减少,体内干物质的含量增加,体脂肪含量增加。长光照、自然光照和短光照条件下绒山羊的体脂肪含量占干物质的比例分别为41.43%±0.41%、44.43%±0.16%和53.90%±1.70%,而体蛋白、体水分和体灰分含量则随着光照时间的缩短而减少,绒山羊血液中与营养分配有关的激素也发生较大的变化。研究证明光照在绒山羊营养分配中的调节作用,为其在生产实践中的合理应用提供理论依据。