草地对全球气候变化的响应及其碳汇潜势研究

 本研究用综合顺序分类法（ＣＳＣＳ）分析了１９５０－２０００年和２００１－２０５０年期间的草原类型演替及碳汇动态。证明中国草地的碳汇主体依次是冻原和高山草地、温带湿润草地、斯泰普草地和半荒漠草地大类,占中国潜在草地总面积的８５．５２％,年碳汇潜力占中国潜在草地年碳汇潜力的９３．２９％。全球草地的碳汇主体是萨王纳、冻原和高山草地大类,两者的面积和占全球潜在草地总面积的４８．５０％,年碳汇潜力占全球潜在草地年碳汇潜力的７２．２２％。在全球气候暖干化的强（Ａ２ａ）、弱（Ｂ２ａ）情景下,与当前（１９５０－２０００年）情景相比,中国将呈现草地面积减少,林地面积增加的态势;与中国的趋势相反,全球将呈现草地面积增加,林地面积减少的态势。在全球暖干化的Ａ２ａ和Ｂ２ａ模式下,草地年碳汇潜力,中国将分别提升１４．６％和１８．５％,全球将分别提升１７．３％ 和１６．８％。但两者的增长方式不同,全球是以温带湿润草地大类年碳汇潜力大幅增加为特征,而中国是以负增长为特征。我国的暖干化趋势在草地年碳汇潜力上的反映较之全球更强烈。尽管造成全球气候暖干化的自然因素远非人力所能控制,但系统问题只能靠系统综合的办法治理。这是草地工作者当前的使命。     

菊苣种子产量构成因子与产量的关联性分析

采用正交施肥试验设计与大样本取样,于2007年对菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)种子产量及其构成因子进行研究,并通过相关分析、通径分析及回归分析,明确影响种子产量的主要因子和提高种子产量的主要因子,以期了解并掌握相应的关键技术。结果表明:菊苣的花序数、生殖枝数和种子产量主要受水肥条件控制;每株生殖枝数、每株花序数和千粒重是影响菊苣种子产量的主要因素,其回归模型为Y=-13.8887+1.73862X_{2+0.00241X3+21.7579X6;提高每株生殖枝数和每株花序数是菊苣种子高产的关键技术措施。}     

Closed system anaesthesia in dogs using liquid sevoflurane injection; evaluation of the square-root-of-time model and the influence of CO2 absorbent

Objective To determine whether predictable alveolar concentrations of sevoflurane are reliably produced in dogs when liquid sevoflurane is injected into closed circuit breathing systems, as calculated by Lowe's square‐root‐of‐time anaesthetic uptake model, and to confirm the validity of the model using soda lime and calcium hydroxide lime. Study design Prospective clinical study. Animals Eleven healthy dogs with a mean body mass of 34 ± 9 kg scheduled for pelvic limb orthopaedic surgery. Materials and methods Following pre‐anaesthetic medication, anaesthesia was induced with propofol and maintained with sevoflurane in a closed circle system. Epidural anaesthesia was performed with morphine and bupivacaine. Liquid sevoflurane was injected into the circuit by syringe, using dosages and time intervals derived from Lowe's square‐root‐of‐time anaesthetic uptake model. The target alveolar concentration chosen was 1.1 × MAC (2.6% end‐tidal sevoflurane). Either soda lime (group S; n = 6) or calcium hydroxide lime (Amsorb; group A; n = 5) were used for CO₂ absorption. Sevoflurane concentration and the respiratory gas composition were measured with an infrared gas analyser. Results End‐tidal sevoflurane concentrations were close to the predicted value of 2.6% at 9 minutes (2.53 ± 0.1% group S; 2.60 ± 0.26% group A) and 16 minutes (2.55 ± 0.30 group S; 2.52 ± 0.28% group A) but declined thereafter to reach 50% (group S) and 64% (group A) of the predicted value at 121 minutes. There was a constant trend towards higher end‐tidal sevoflurane concentrations in group A but the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions The square‐root‐of‐time model leads to significantly lower alveolar concentrations than expected, suggesting that the rate of sevoflurane uptake in dogs declines less rapidly than predicted. The use of Amsorb tends to reduce the deviation from predicted concentrations. Clinical relevance The model used in this study provided only an approximate guide to the volume of liquid sevoflurane required. Consequently, the definitive dose schedule must be based on measured anaesthetic concentrations and clinical monitoring.     

Murine xenograft model demonstrates significant radio-sensitising effect of liposomal doxorubicin in a combination therapy for Feline Injection Site Sarcoma

Therapy of cats suffering from feline injection site sarcomas (FISS) is still a challenging problem, as the recurrence rate after surgery is up to 70%. Four FISS-derived primary tumour cell lines and corresponding xenograft tumour mouse models were established to evaluate the efficacy of a concomitant chemo-/radiation therapy with doxorubicin. In vitro, strongly depending upon the timing of administration, pre-treatment with 0.25 µmol doxorubicin resulted in a significant enhancement of radiation-induced (3.5 Gy) tumour cell death. This result was confirmed in vivo, where only the combined chemo-/radiation therapy resulted in a significant reduction in tumour growth compared to the respective mono-therapies with either doxorubicin or radiation. These results support the use of the concomitant chemo-/radiation therapy for adjuvant treatment of FISS, particularly in advanced or recurrent disease where surgery alone is no longer feasible.     

放牧对西藏高寒嵩草草甸地上生物量空间分布的影响

以西藏自治区工布江达县的高寒嵩草（Kobresia）草甸为研究对象,利用地上生物量测定法对草地群落进行实地调查,并结合γ分布模型,从空间异质性角度来探索放牧对西藏高寒草甸地上生物量及其空间分布格局的影响,以期为高寒牧区退化草地的恢复及生产力的提高提供理论指导。结果表明：未放牧区（N）、适度放牧区（M）和重度放牧区（H）植物种地上生物量的空间分布与γ模型均具有很好的吻合性;样方内的平均生物量随着放牧强度的增大而减少,且适度放牧、重度放牧与未放牧区生物量之间均差异极显著（P<0.01）;群落的空间异质性表现为N>H>M,且草地植物种的生物量与其空间异质性负相关。因此在草地的管理与利用中,应有效控制植物群落的空间异质性来提高草地生产力,实现草畜平衡。     

基于体外细胞模型的霉菌毒素毒性评价

霉菌毒素是由多种真菌产生的次级代谢产物,广泛存在于食品和饲料中。霉菌毒素污染的粮食和饲料会给畜牧业生产和畜产品质量安全带来极大隐患。研究霉菌毒素致毒机理,为今后研究其对动物及人的影响开展更深入更全面的研究提供理论依据。细胞模型作为一种常用的体外试验方法广泛用于毒理学研究中。本文简述了黄曲霉毒素B_1(AFB_1)、赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和展青霉素(PAT)的一般特性,并综述了利用细胞模型进行AFB_1、OTA、DON、ZEA和PAT毒性、联合毒性及致毒机理研究的进展。     

乳牛体型性状线性评定数学模型的指导和应用

本文说明了乳牛体型性状线性评定的常规方法,在此基础上推导出了该评定方法的数学模型。该模型的提出,极大地简化了常规评定方法的繁琐计算,值得在乳牛业生产实践中推广使用。     

Day-to-Day variation of the urine protein: creatinine ratio in female dogs with stable glomerular proteinuria caused by X-linked hereditary nephropathy

BACKGROUND: Interpretation of serial urine protein:creatinine (UPC) values is confounded by a lack of data regarding random biologic variation of UPC values in dogs with stable glomerular proteinuria. HYPOTHESIS: That there is minimal day-to-day variability in the UPC of dogs with unchanging proteinuria and the number of measurements needed to reliably estimate UPC varies with the magnitude of proteinuria. ANIMALS: Forty-eight heterozygous (carrier) female dogs with X-linked hereditary nephropathy (XLHN) causing stable proteinuria. METHODS: Urine samples were obtained daily by cystocentesis for 3 consecutive days on 183 occasions (549 samples). The UPC was measured for each sample with a single dry-film chemistry auto-analyzer. Data were analyzed retrospectively by a power of the mean model because the variance of UPC values within the 3-day evaluation periods increased as the magnitude of proteinuria increased. RESULTS: To demonstrate a significant difference (P < .05) between serial values in these proteinuric dogs, the UPC must change by at least 35% at high UPC values (near 12) and 80% at low UPC values (near 0.5). One measurement is adequate to reliably estimate the UPC when UPC <4, but 2-5 determinations are necessary at higher UPC values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: These guidelines for interpretation of serial UPC values in female dogs with XLHN may also be helpful for interpretation of UPC values in dogs with other glomerulopathies.     

A simulation model for predicting the voluntary feed intake of a growing pig

Abstract

The main goal of this simulator is to predict voluntary feed intake based on the effects of temperature and stocking density. The model indicates the limiting factors relative to diet (protein, energy or ash), housing environmental conditions and stocking density. The concepts of compensatory protein growth, correction of lipid growth, the desired feed intake to meet energy, protein and ash requirements, and influences of stocking density, genotype and sex are also introduced in this model. This study draws a flow chart and steps to predict feed intake of a growing pig to make it clear how the model works. The model simulates the outcomes of feed intake, energy and protein requirements for maintenance, the energy cost for cold thermogenesis, and protein and lipid retention on a daily basis until slaughter weight. This model was also validated by comparison with published experiments.