基于DPSA算法的“单库-单站”水资源优化调度方法研究

提出了单座水库与单座补水泵站水资源优化调度的非线性数学模型,模型以年内各时段的缺(弃)水量的平方最小为目标函数,各时段水库供水量和泵站引提水量为决策变量,各时段水库库容为状态变量,以年调节水库可供水量、泵站年引提水总量、水库与补水泵站的联合运行准则(泵站闲时补库、忙时供水)等为约束条件,并以南水北调东线一期江苏境内"骆马湖-皂河站"为实例,采用动态规划逐次逼近法进行求解。结果表明,相同供水保证率时,50%、75%、95%来水频率下泵站补水量、缺水量、弃水量比常规调度均有减少。     

灌溉渠系流量最优调配的0-1规划模型

本文根据灌溉配水渠系的运行特点,提出在一定轮期和来水流量限制条件下实现下级配水渠最优组合及其配水时间最优排序的一种0-1规划模型,实例运算表明,这种方法可有效减少无效弃水和闸门调节次数,同时对渠道横断面的设计有参考意义。     

基于线性规划的耕作层土壤剥离利用空间配置方法研究

以广西壮族自治区宾阳县为例,以待剥离土壤空间分布及回覆利用优先级分析为基础,以村庄为单位划定供需圈,探讨基于线性规划的耕作层土壤剥离利用空间配置方法。结果表明,宾阳县理论可剥离耕作层土壤2.40×106m3,整治需求1.85×107m3,耕作层土壤供给远小于需求,并且在空间上分布不均衡;依据覆土效益优先的原则,确定回覆区优先级,提出剥离耕作层土壤空间配置方案,即城乡建设用地增减挂钩利用5.235 2×104m3、土地开发复垦利用1.446 637×106m3、旱改水利用3.327 38×105m3、高标准基本农田建设利用1.042 804×106m3;利用供需圈及线性规划模型将宾阳县划分为7个供需圈,剥离土壤按回覆优先级从高到低逐步利用,加权平均运距为5 369 m,回覆效益良好,经济成本可接受。以村为单位划定供需圈、线性规划优化土壤剥离利用空间配置的方法,可以优化利用方式、缩短运输距离,进而提高效益与效率,可为其他区域实施耕作层剥离利用工作提供方法借鉴。     

Temperature-dependent development rates of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bracon vulgaris,</Emphasis> a parasitoid of boll weevil

The duration of development of Bracon vulgaris Ashmead, parasitoid of the boll weevil Anthonomus grandis Boheman, was determined at nine constant temperatures between 18°C and 38°C. Nonlinear regression analysis was used to test the fit of temperature-dependent development rates to the Sharpe and DeMichele and Lactin et al. models. At the highest tested temperature (38°C) all the parasitoid eggs died before hatching and no evidence of development was observed. The high values of R ² for the models of Sharpe and DeMichele (0.8432 to 0.9834), and Lactin et al. (0.9071 to 0.9795) indicated that these models are suitable to estimate the development rate of B. vulgaris as a function of temperature. B. vulgaris showed tolerance to high temperature which is represented by the high value of H _H (change in enthalpy associated with high-temperature inactivation of the enzyme) for the prepupa stage of this insect obtained with the Sharpe and DeMichele model. According to that model, B. vulgaris exhibits thermal stress at 35.7°C, which indicates that maximum thermal stress estimated by this model was close to the real one.     

基于区间两阶段鲁棒优化模型的灌区水资源优化配置

为避免由灌区水资源配置系统存在的诸多不确定因素导致的配水过程风险性,在区间两阶段随机规划方法的基础上加入了鲁棒优化方法,构建区间两阶段鲁棒优化模型,引入鲁棒系数表示系统风险,将系统风险体现在模型中,克服了系统风险不可控的不足。以三江平原牡丹江灌区为例,对灌区水资源进行优化配置,得到灌区多水源、多作物、不同鲁棒系数下的配水目标。结果表明:随着鲁棒系数增大,导致缺水量增加,系统稳定性增强,但成本也随之增加,系统经济性降低;当鲁棒系数为3时,缺水量不再增加,系统达到稳定的状态,此时系统的成本在[1. 903 27×10~9,2. 634 75×10~9]元之间变化。优化结果可为决策者提供决策空间,为农业水资源的合理配置提供技术支持。     

基于动态规划的电动拖拉机动力电源能量控制策略研究

针对纯电动拖拉机能量利用率低、续航里程不足的问题,提出了基于超级电容和蓄电池复合的纯电动拖拉机动力电源系统。通过分析纯电动拖拉机的作业工况特点以及功率需求,对动力电源系统进行了拓扑结构选型和参数匹配,并以动力电源能耗最低为优化目标,应用动态规划对纯电动拖拉机的动力电源系统进行能量控制策略优化,对动态规划结果以及工况特点进行分析,总结出基于规则的动力电源能量控制策略,利用Matlab/Simulink建模对控制策略进行仿真。结果表明基于动态规划的控制策略能量消耗比基于规则的控制策略能量消耗减少了18%,证明了基于动态规划的能量控制策略在节能降耗方面的有效性。     

DS1820数字温度计在微机温度采集系统中的程序编制

采用DS1820数字温度计实现的微机温度采集系统,硬件结构简单．为了保证正确地采集温度数据,必须严格按照DS1820与主机的通信协议编制程序．     

Application of Evolutionary Programming in Optimal Reactive Power Dispatch

This paper describes an application of evolutionary programming(EP) to reactive power optimization and voltage control of power systems.Some technical problems which conclude mutation sacle,fitness value and population size have been solved to make EP practical for solving the optimal power flow problems.The computational results with EP have been compared with those obtained from a conventional gradient based optimization method.The comparision shows that EP are better than conventional methods in dealing with the optimization of noncontinuous and nonsmooth funcnons.The EP show the ability to search for the global optimum in reactive optimization that has multiple optima.     

区域尺度侵蚀产沙估算方法研究

 区域土壤侵蚀模型是大区域土壤侵蚀普查和水土保持宏观决策的支持工具,土壤侵蚀模型的研发是土壤侵蚀学科的前沿领域。基于DEM将区域划分为规则网格,设计产流、产沙过程的单元模型,包括植被截留、入渗、填洼、流速、携沙能力、径流剥蚀量、泥沙沉积等算法。将月降水当作1次降雨事件,并划分若干时段进行迭代计算,利用GIS空间分析功能完成水沙汇集运算,并在ArcGIS支持下进行计算机程序设计,有效地完成了区域侵蚀产沙量的计算。将模型应用于延河流域得到:1995年7月份平均径流深为35.6mm,径流系数为0.237,流域出口径流量为2.72亿m3,流域出口输沙量为0.38亿t,流域平均侵蚀模数为4575t/(km2.月);输出图形空间格局和结构符合实际情况,初步模拟结果令人较满意。     

Cutting technic forPinus elliottii plantation of the multi-benefit management pattern

The cutting technic for thePinus elliottii plantation of the multi-benefit management pattern in the hilly region of Jiangxi Province was studied by establishing the model of growth progress according to Richards function and simulating the tending cutting on computer by use of dynamic programming. The results showed that the best time for the initial thinning was at tree age of 8–10 and final cutting was at tree age of 25. The optimal thinning project was 3 times of thinning cutting including the first thinning, and the thinning time was at tree ages of 8, 12 and 16, respectively. Their thinning intensities were separately 950, 700 and 300 trunks per hectare, and the preserved density was 550 trunks per hectare until the final cutting Foundation item: This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (A grant 0330023) Biography: WANG Qing-chun (1970-), male, Ph. Doctor, Senior Engineer in Academy of Forest Inventory & Planning, Jiangxi, Nanchang 330046, P.R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan