落叶松人工林间伐技术优化研究*

本文以林分生长模型为基础，将林分的经营指数作为状态变量，将主伐时林分平均直径作为目标，将达到这一目标时林分总收获蓄积量作为指标函数，建立了离散确定性动态规划模型，编制了计算机模拟系统。利用此系统即可对落叶松不同培育目标下的最佳间伐时间、间伐强度和主伐年龄等进行决策。结果表明，优化决策方法在保留株数、间伐次数和总收获蓄积量上都优于一般决策方法，它既可对落叶松林分进行生长预测，也可为制定经营单位的经营     

APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION COORDINATION METHOD OF LARGE - SCALE SYSTEMS AND METHOD OF NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING TO ECONOMIC SCHEDULING OF POWER SYSTEM

In this paper,we discuss a mathematical mode) for optimization of active power dispatch of large-scale hydro-thermal power systems with cascaded hydropower stations. The following factors are taken into account: the variation of the head in the hydropower stations, water transport delay between cascaded stations etc. Using the decomposition-coordination method of large scale systems, we obtain a three-layer-hierarchical coordination system and a three-layer-hierarchical computational structure. We also discuss the computational methods which are used by each hierarchy. We have taken a test computation and analysing the result of an actual hydrothermal power system. The computational results show that it may obtain a satisfactory economic benefit. The paper provides some research work on the economic scheduling of hydrothermal power systems by the decomposition-coordination method of large-scale systems,multiplier method and a new variable metric method.     

驾驶座悬架的理想非线性弹性特性及实现方法

研究了驾驶座悬架的理想非线性弹性特性及几种实现给定非线性弹性特性的结构原理及实验结果。     

Loads Equalization Based on Optimization Principle and the Hierarchical Model for Distribution Networks

Loss reduction is important for distribution networks and it is available to reduce loss by loads equalization. With increasing numbers of vertexes in distribution networks, compounding of loads are rapid increasing. It is hard to achieve the global optimization for load balancing by traditional model of distribution networks. Base on analyzing character of loads equalization for distribution networks, this paper provides a new method which conjugate the optimization principle and the hierarchical model of the distribution networks, can transfer the optimization issues into multi stage decision making problems,and can also achieve the optimization equalization of the distribution networks loads.     

一类矩形切割的优化模型

研究了工业中常遇到的先将原料板切割成加工拼板后，再将拼板切割成单元板的一类矩形板材切割问题，此类问题归结为二维排布的双层优化，针对单元板在拼板上和拼板在原料板上的4种不同排布情形，建立了统一的非线性整数规划模型，根据问题的特点，给出了该模型的一个化双层优化为单层优化的求解算法，实际应用中，该算法能在数秒钟内按工艺要求给出最优切割方案，与传统方法相比，料板利用率常可提高5％～10％．     

轴流泵叶轮非线性环量数学模型建立与试验

以轴流泵叶轮出口速度梯度方程和轴面速度表达式为基础,建立了轴流泵叶轮非线性环量数学模型,并推导了叶片出口流动方程式.采用微型五孔球形探针,对南水北调工程用轴流泵模型(TJ04-ZL-06)最优工况下叶轮出口不同半径位置的环量和轴面速度分别进行了试验测量.试验结果表明,高效轴流泵叶轮出口环量呈现非线性分布,在叶片中部较为平直,在轮毂侧环量降低至中部的0.8倍左右,而轮缘侧增大至中部的1.2倍左右;同时叶轮出口轴面速度分布呈现抛物线流型,叶片中部速度最大.基于建立的非线性环量数学模型对叶轮出口轴面速度分布进行了计算,结果表明不同半径的轴面速度计算值与试验值误差均小于5％,验证了数学模型的可靠性.     

冷却剂参数对铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命的影响

采用有限体积流固耦合计算方法、非线性有限元热结构耦合分析方法和局部应变法研究大面积比铣槽喷管三维再生冷却槽道在循环工作条件下的热结构变形与低周疲劳寿命,并对比分析了冷却剂质量流量与入口温度对铣槽喷管疲劳使用寿命的影响。计算结果表明,铣槽喷管热结构响应呈现复杂的三维效应,应变较大位置主要分布在与肋连接的内衬区域,喷管中部的残余应变量最大;冷却槽道低周疲劳寿命分布和热结构响应基本一致,最小寿命位于喷管中部与肋相连的内衬区域燃气侧;随冷却剂质量流量增加,铣槽喷管低周疲劳寿命不断提高;随冷却剂入口温度增加喷管尾部低周疲劳寿命值不断降低,而喷管中前部的低周疲劳寿命值却不断提高,当冷却剂入口温度为280K左右时,本文的铣槽喷管总体使用寿命达到最大。      

河北省承德地区防护林体系林种结构的最佳模式

本文用线性规划方法,把以防护效益为主并满足社会需求作为约束条件,使防护林工程的费用最小作为目标,计算出了河北省承德地区防护林体系林种结构的61个方案。对不同情况,如资金不足、取得较好的经济效益、解决木材供需矛盾以及其它条件的变化等等,可以从61个方案中选出一个最佳方案。     

面向生态的黑河中游模糊多目标水资源优化配置模型

以黑河中游为例,构建面向生态的单目标(模型一)和多目标(模型二)水资源优化配置模型,并进行对比分析。其中,单目标模型的目标函数是农业和生态产生的经济价值最大;多目标模型的生态目标是生态供水满意度最大,经济目标是农业产值最大。为了保证生态用水,模型中引入0-1整数规划来优化传统灌溉和节水灌溉的种植面积,同时,考虑到模型参数的不确定性,将模糊数引入到已建模型中。分别对2个模型求解,得到从不同角度出发的各个计算单元的水资源优化配置结果,为当地的生态保护提供了有力的决策支持。     

RESEARCH ON A KIND OF GREY LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND THEIR DUAL THEORIES

In this paper, a kind of grey linear programming with grey interval coefficients is discussed,the definitions of the first and second whitenized linear programmlngs and the grey dual linear programmings are presented, the relationships between the solutions of the above three kinds of programming and the solution of the primal programming are explored, and some new conclusions are obtained.