无公害蔬菜专用肥对不同蔬菜产量和品质的影响

在多种蔬菜上对无公害蔬菜专用肥的使用效果进行了试验研究。结果表明,无公害蔬菜专用肥对降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量、提高产量、改善品质有显著效果,施用该专用肥料后,降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量36.5%～56.1%,提高产量11.4%～14.8%,提高Vc含量6.11%～51.25%,降低投入1798元/hm2,增加收入6598～10954元/hm2。     

广西蔬菜水果硝酸盐含量状况与控制措施

通过对广西四个县（区）蔬菜水果硝酸盐含量的调查分析,初步摸清了广西部分蔬菜水果的硝酸盐含量状况。指出施肥是影响蔬菜硝酸盐含量的主要外因,提出了降低蔬菜硝酸盐含量的对策措施。     

盐生野菜中硝酸盐·亚硝酸盐·维生素C含量的测定

测定了东营市9种盐生野菜和几种日常食用的蔬菜中硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐及维生素C的含量。结果证明:茵陈蒿、山苦荬、酸模、苣荬菜、蒙古雅葱符合无公害蔬菜标准,可以食用,并且他们都含有较多的维生素C,营养价值较高。灰绿藜、藜硝酸盐含量超标,地肤、翅碱蓬、灰绿藜亚硝酸盐含量超标,这些野菜不宜食用。     

黔东南州稻田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量评价

[目的]研究黔东南州稻田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的含量。[方法]对从黔东南州采集的146份稻田土壤的硝态氮和铵态氮含量进行测定,研究各县市硝态氮和铵态氮含量、分布及速效氮的分级情况,对黔东南州稻田土壤肥力进行评价。[结果]黔东南州各县市间稻田土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量差异较大,硝态氮平均含量最高的为镇远县,最低的为岑巩县;铵态氮平均含量最高的为三穗县,最低的为麻江县。速效氮主要分为3、4、5、6等级,黔东南州绝大部分稻田土壤速效氮处于5、6等级。[结论]黔东南州90%以上稻田土壤速效氮含量偏低。     

施氮量对迟播油菜生长及氮素吸收的影响(英文)

[目的]分析氮肥对不同冬油菜品种越冬期营养生长和氮素吸收的影响。[方法]连续两年(2009-2011)田间试验,以早熟品种中油116和中晚熟品种中油杂12号为材料,设5种氮肥用量(0,90,180,270,360kg/hm2)。在越冬期对油菜干重,根系和地上部氮含量及比例,叶片硝酸还原酶活性进行测定,并对籽粒产量进行考查。[结果]中油116在施氮量从0增加到180kg/hm2时,地上部干重迅速增加;而在施氮量从180kg/hm2增加到360kg/hm2时,地上部干重缓慢增加。中油杂12号的地上部干重随施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化,在270kg/hm2时达到最大值。当施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时,地上部和根中的氮含量及比例均迅速增加,并且中油杂12号根中的氮含量及比例高于中油116。两个品种的硝酸还原酶活性在施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时增加最为明显。[结论]合理施用氮肥能够显著增加不同熟期油菜品种越冬期的干重及氮素吸收,并提高油菜产量。     

寿光设施菜地土壤养分累积与农产品硝酸盐污染研究

选择寿光市中南部7个典型设施蔬菜种植区,分析了其地下水、土壤理化性状和农产品氮素污染情况,结果表明:寿光市典型设施蔬菜种植区耕层土壤未出现酸化现象,pH值平均为8.10;耕层土壤EC值平均为0.339 mS/cm,与土壤中硝态氮含量显著线性相关(R2=0.7429);有机质平均含量为31.9 g/kg,57%调查样本的有机质含量超过30 g/kg;土壤0～150 cm剖面中硝态氮累积曲线呈近似"S"型,在90～150 cm土层中大量累积,而铵态氮的累积则呈明显的"S"型变化趋势,主要在90～120 cm土层累积;速效磷、速效钾累积曲线均呈现"倒L"型,随土层深度的增加含量明显降低,90 cm土层下速效钾累积量大于速效磷;所调查21个农产品样本中硝酸盐平均含量为109.34 mg/kg,最高含量为176.09 mg/kg。而农产品未出现明显的硝酸盐污染。     

Temporal variation in mineral nitrogen in soil as influenced by incorporation of legume or cereal residues under submergence or well drained conditions

A laboratory study was conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi on a sandy clay loam soil of pH 7.9 and organic C content of 0.34% to study the effect of incorporating Sesbania or Vigna legume residues or wheat straw at 15 and 30t ha^?1 on temporal variation in ammoniacal and nitrate‐N in soil under submergence and well drained conditions. Under submergence most mineral N was present as ammoniacal‐N, while under well drained conditions it was present as Nitrate‐N. The content of ammoniacal N in soil was the highest after 30 days of incubation and declined thereafter under submergence. On the other hand under well drained conditions the mineral‐N (mostly nitrate) content in soil at 30 DAI was very little and showed increases only later, reaching the highest level at 90 DAI. Application of wheat straw specially at 301 ha^?1 level resulted in immobilization of native soil‐N. These results show that rice which is grown under submergence can be transplanted soon after incorporation of legume residues, but for wheat or other crops which are grown under well drained condition a time interval of 30 days or more needs to be provided before sowing the crop.     

Control of soil solution interferences in an automated nitrate method

Abstract

An AutoAnalyzer method for nitrate nitrogen based on hydrazine reduction followed by diazotization was re‐examined after certain soil solutions had given poor recoveries. Modifications to the reaction parameters, particularly in the reduction stage improved the recovery of nitrate as nitrite. Soluble organic compounds in the samples were more critical than inorganic salts, but the proposed method allowed tolerance of up to 30 mgl^‐1 total organic carbon. Concentrations of various inorganic ions in soil solutions and natural waters were usually below the limits shown to be critical for the improved method.     

水培蔬菜硝酸盐控制方法研究进展

综述了水培蔬菜硝酸盐控制方法的研究进展,包括合理的氮源配比、营养液的元素平衡、后期采用停氮处理、选择使用好塑料膜控制光照、叶面喷施措施等。     

外源氯对番茄幼苗生长及养分吸收、利用的影响

 研究了不同水平外源氯处理对番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum L. ) 干物质积累、叶绿素含量、Cl^- 、NO₃^- 、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量的影响。结果表明: 一定范围( 6.25～100 nmol·L ^{- 1} ) 的外源氯处理, 不降低番茄生物量甚至促进生物量, 并可明显提高番茄幼苗对钾、镁、磷的吸收和氮素利用效率, 而200、300 mmol·L ^{- 1} Cl^- 处理的幼苗干物质积累极显著下降。