AIM: To determine the frequency and type of skin wounds encountered by New Zealand veterinarians in their equine patients, the duration and estimated costs of treatment as well as the expected outcomes for these wounds.
METHODS: An online survey was sent to all veterinarians registered with the New Zealand Equine Veterinary Association. The survey comprised questions on the location and experience of respondents, the number of wound-related cases in relation to the total equine caseload, the type and anatomical location of wounds treated, the frequency, duration and costs of treatments, the outcome of wound treatment and an estimate of the most common causes of death or euthanasia in their equine patients.
RESULTS: The survey response rate was 110/262 (41.9%). The median number of equine cases seen by respondents was 20 (interquartile range (IQR) 6–60) per month; of these, five (IQR 2–10) were wound related. Wounds ranked third after lameness and respiratory disease for the relative frequency with which respondents encountered them. Of 102 respondents 59 (58%) reported that their clients frequently treated wounds incurred by their horse without consulting a veterinarian. Wounds on the distal limb, whether involving only the skin or also deeper structures, were reported by 86/101 (85%) respondents as the most frequently encountered. Wounds in this location also incurred the longest treatment period and were the most prone to develop complications. Finally, wounds ranked second, after colic, as the most common cause of death/euthanasia in the veterinary respondents’ equine patients.
CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained via the survey indicate that skin wounds, particularly on the distal limb, are a common occurrence in horses in New Zealand and, when they involve structures underlying the skin, are costly and time-consuming to manage and may lead to decreased performance, retirement or euthanasia. Consequently, we recommend that more effort be devoted to the education of equine veterinarians and owners, and that appropriate research funds be allocated to help improve patient outcomes. 相似文献
Population increase of Larch casebearer(C. dahurica)were controlled by compre-hensive factors.Spring wind caused 27% of larvae on crown to fa11 down.Early and late frosts,larch catempillar,sawfly and needle cast of larch could reduce the food quality and quantity of larchcasebearer and had indrect effects on population density. Birds,ants and spites were the mainpredators of C.dahurica. The parasite complex comprised Piermalebae,Eulophidae,Ichneumonidaeand Braconidae."Self--adjustment",of population caused by"self--population density",only runseffectively at a high larval density. 相似文献
The plasma very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration is an effective blood biochemical indicator that could be used to select lean chicken lines. In the current study, we used Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) method to detect SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration. As a result, 38 SNPs significantly associated with plasma VLDL concentration were identified using at least one of the three mixed linear model (MLM) packages, including GRAMMAR, EMMAX and GEMMA. Nearly, all these SNPs with significant effects on plasma VLDL concentration (except Gga_rs16160897) have significantly different allele frequencies between lean and fat lines. The 1‐Mb regions surrounding these 38 SNPs were extracted, and twelve important regions were obtained after combining the overlaps. A total of 122 genes in these twelve important regions were detected. Among these genes, LRRK2, ABCD2, TLR4, E2F1, SUGP1, NCAN, KLF2 and RAB8A were identified as important genes for plasma VLDL concentration based on their basic functions. The results of this study may supply useful information to select lean chicken lines. 相似文献
In order to explore the influence of temperature changes on animal digestive tract smooth muscle,the contractility of isolated rabbit small intestine (duodenum,jejunum and ileum) were measured at different temperatures (39→32℃,32→39℃,39→42℃ and 42→39℃) using the biological signal processing system.The results showed that the contraction frequency of duodenum and jejunum was positively correlated with temperature changes between 39 and 32℃,while the amplitude and tension of duodenum were negatively correlated with temperature changes.Only the contraction frequency of ileum was positively correlated with temperature changes between 39 and 32℃.Changes of frequency,amplitude and tension of duodenum between 39 and 42℃ were similar with those changes between 39 and 32℃.However,the contraction of jejunum and ileum was irregular.When the temperature was decreased from 42 to 39℃,the contraction of small intestine could not return to the condition in 39℃.The results suggested that the optimal bath temperature was 37℃ in contraction test of rabbit small intestine in vitro,and the present results could be referenced to explore the disorder of gastrointestinal movement due to the change of environment temperature in animals. 相似文献
Effective and efficient segmentation of vegetation from digital plant images is an actively studied topic in crop phenotyping. Many of the formerly proposed methods showed good performance in the extraction under controlled light conditions but it is still hard to properly extract only vegetation from RGB images taken under natural light condition where the images can contain shadowed and lighted parts with specularly reflected parts of plants. In this paper, we propose a robust method to extract vegetation from the plant images taken under natural light conditions using wheat images. The method is based on a machine learning process, decision tree and image noise reduction filters. We adopted the CART algorithm to create a decision tree in the training process and examined its performance using test images, comparing it with the performances of other methods such as ExG, ExG-ExR and Modified ExG which are widely used recently. The results showed that the accuracy of the vegetation extraction by the proposed method was significantly better than that of the other methods particularly for the images which include strongly shadowed and specularly reflected parts. The proposed method also has an advantage that the same model can be applied to different images without requiring a threshold adjustment for each image. 相似文献