黑龙江省天然次生林经营技术探讨

天然次生林是我省森林资源的重要组成部分,现状是林分密度低、质量差、树种单纯,天然更新不好。现行的以抚育间伐为主要方法的经营措施,不仅不能改变目前天然次生林现状,而且将不同程度地破坏现有天然次生林。本文根据栽针保阔的经营思想和天然次生林现状,划分为四种(抚育型、封护型、补植型、人促型)经营类型,并分别制定经营措施,为天然次生林探索一条科学合理,现实可行的途径。     

自然单倍体川桑的发现与研究

经对川桑（Ｍ．ｎｏｔａｂｉｌｉｓＳ．）作体细胞染色体倍数性鉴定，发现体细胞染色体数为１４条，是通常二倍体桑的一半，初步认为是自然单倍体桑。对川桑的组织构造、同工酶谱等作了调查，并与二倍体纳溪桑、小官桑作了比较，经对川桑和多个其它桑种初步作ＲＡＰＤ研究，川桑与其它桑种亲缘关系都很远，推测它可能是桑属中分化最早的种。     

Untersuchungen zum Einfluß von Konkurrenz auf die Bestandesentwicklung von Sommerraps bei unterschiedlicher Gunst der Umweltbedingungen

Investigations on the effect of competition with regard to the stand development of spring oilseed rape as dependent on environmental conditions
Field experiments were conducted to investigate the frequency distribution in spring oilseed rape as dependent on environmental growing conditions and plant density. As measures for frequency distribution skewness and kurtosis were estimated. The plant character determined was single plant dry matter. To understand the changes in the stand structure, samples were taken at the following developmental stages: rosette, begin of flowering, end of flowering and ripeness (harvest). Plant densities ranged from 60 plants/m², 90 plants/m² till 120 plants/m²
The results show that under unfavourable growing conditions, generally speaking, the values of (positive) skewness and kurtosis increase with the development of the plants; under favourable growing conditions, however, the values of skewness and kurtosis decrease from rosette till harvest.
Under unfavourable growing conditions as well as favourable ones, the values of skewness and kurtosis increase with strengthening of plant competition as consequence of increasing plant density. However, the trend during development and the height of the values as well as the quantitative relationships are strongly controlled by the general growing conditions. Frequency distribution, therefore, is not only a result of plant competition but also of differences in resources due to the general conditions of the location.     

陆地棉三体的诱发、鉴定及其利用研究──Ⅲ雌配子发育的胚胎学观察

对３个三体（Ｆｔｒ－２，Ｆｔｒ－４和Ｆｔｒ－５），两个四体（Ｆｔｅ－４和Ｆｅｔ－５）成熟胚囊结构的胚胎学观察以及秕子率的统计分析表明，所有材料均有不同程度的胚囊败育，但不同的材料胚囊败育时期不同，Ｆｔｒ－２和Ｆｔｒ－５胚囊败育主要发生在双核胚囊期以前，Ｆｔｒ－４，Ｆｔｒ－５和Ｆｔｅ－４各时期都有一定的败育率。胚囊败育是造成Ｆｔｒ－２和Ｆｔｒ－５雌配子传递率低的主要原因，Ｆｔｒ－４雌配子传递率低是胚囊败育和幼胚败育两方面因素共同作用的结果。     

Zero Current Switching Multi-resonant Converters based on ConstantFrequency PWM and Mutual Inductance Technique

This paper introduces a novel constant frequency switching PWM converter,as well as some improvements on the conventional bridge parallel resonant converters. By introducing mutual inductance and auxiliary into the original circuit topology ,a class of novel zero current switching multi-resonant converters regulated by PWM mode at a fixed switching frequency are presented,which overcomes some drawback of the original circuits.One illustrative example is analyzed and the experimental results are given, which confirms the advantages of this approach.     

饲喂频率对哺乳仔猪生长性能和骨骼肌蛋白质合成的影响

本试验旨在比较饲喂频率对哺乳仔猪生长性能、胴体组成和骨骼肌蛋白质合成相关基因表达的影响。试验选用来自于4头母猪的16头4日龄的“杜×长×大”仔猪,按体重和性别配对成8对,每对仔猪随机分配到每天饲喂6次组(M6组)和每天饲喂12次组(M12组),每组8头猪,每个配对内仔猪采食量保持一致,人工乳饲喂21 d。结果表明:1)与M12组相比,M6组仔猪的末重,第2周、第3周和全期的平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),第2周、第3周和全期的料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与M12组相比,M6组仔猪胴体瘦肉率、背最长肌重和半腱肌重显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与M12组相比,M6组仔猪背最长肌胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF1)基因表达量有提高的趋势(P=0.05);与M12组相比,仔猪背最长肌胰岛素样生长因子1受体(IGF1R)、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、真核细胞翻译起始因子4E(EIF4E)和核糖体蛋白S6(RPS6)的mRNA表达量显著提高(P<0.05),ⅡB型活化素受体(ACVR2B)和Ⅰ型活化素受体样激酶5(ALK5)的mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05);与M12组相比,M6组仔猪背最长肌肌肉生长抑素(MSTN)mRNA表达量没有显著变化(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,降低饲喂频率可促进胴体瘦肉沉积和骨骼肌生长,主要通过上调IGF1 IGF1R mTOR通途路下调MSTN受体表达来实现。     

东方钝绥螨对苹果园两种叶螨自然控制作用研究

本文报道了东方钝绥螨 Amblyseius orientalis 对苹果园里的苹果全爪螨 Panonychusulmi 和山楂叶螨 Tetranychus viennensis 的自然控制效果。在全年不喷杀螨杀虫剂的情况下,按照与苹果全爪螨成若螨1:57—73比例释放东方钝绥螨获全年叶片受害程度为5.5±3.1%,每叶有苹果全爪螨成螨0.3±0.2头、山楂叶螨0.1±0.2头和东方钝绥螨0.3±0.2头,相对防治效果为93.4%。还报导了东方钝绥螨和苹果全爪螨田间种群数量自然消长动态。     

蜀柏毒蛾天敌的初步研究

本文报道1990年4月至1991年4月,作者在四川平昌县对蜀柏毒蛾(Parocneria orie—nta)各期虫态天敌的研究结果:初步观察,蜀柏毒蛾天敌有55种,其中昆虫17种、蜘蛛26种、鸟类8种、微生物4种。简报了天敌的寄生范围、寄生复合体、寄生率、捕食量。     

遥感技术在新疆自然灾害调查和预测中的应用分析

近20年来,遥感技术已逐步应用于自然灾害调查和预测预报。其中,受灾害面积调查和损失估算方面报告较多。因多数灾害的前兆较难用遥感技术捕捉,故应用于灾害预测预报方面的文献较少,有待于进一步探索。遥感技术是对地球系统的远距离探测技术。发生于地球表面的灾害(及其前兆)有一定