NPK Accumulation and Use Efficiencies of Manawthukha Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Affected By Pretransplant Basal and Split Applications of Nitrogen

We investigated the effects of split applications of nitrogen (N) on N, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake and use efficiency of rice under basal surface-application and incorporation methods. Different amounts of N were applied at the basal, tillering, and panicle initiation stages in five N split treatments. Basal incorporation provided greater NPK uptake than basal surface application until initiation of the panicle. In basal surface application, N2 (25:50:25) resulted in the greatest total NPK uptake, use efficiency, and N recovery efficiency. In basal incorporation, N1 (50:25:25) resulted in greater values for all parameters. The N5 (50:0:50), which included omitting N at tillering, resulted in low N recovery efficiency and uptake, both under basal incorporation and basal surface application. These results emphasize that split applications of N influence N recovery efficiency and total NPK uptake and use efficiency of rice.     

苏丹草-黑麦草轮作制中氮磷钾肥施用对饲草产量和养分吸收的影响

利用盆栽试验研究了苏丹草-黑麦草轮作中N、P、K肥施用对饲草的产量、养分吸收及土壤性质的影响.结果表明:N、P、K肥的施用可分别使饲草鲜草产量提高6.1倍、1O.6倍和O.6倍,各处理差异均达显著水平.N肥施用后饲草对N、P和K的吸收量与不施N处理相比分别提高6.9倍、3.5倍和4.7倍;P肥施用后饲草对N、P和K的吸收量与不施P处理相比分别提高5.9倍、23.2倍和7.3倍;K肥施用后饲草对N,P和K的吸收量与不施K处理相比分别提高O.3倍、O.7倍和7.4倍.N、P、K肥的施用可相互促进肥料表观利用率的提高.P、K肥的施用有利于缓解土壤酸化,轮作后各处理土壤有机质含量无显著差异,缺P处理的土壤NH4 -N含量明显较高,施N处理土壤中P含量明显降低,缺N、缺P处理轮作后土壤K含量明显高于其他处理.     

吉林西部半干旱区玉米高产氮磷钾肥适宜用量研究

在地膜覆盖和灌水条件下,以郑单958为供试品种,进行氮、磷、钾肥量级田间试验,研究吉林西部半干旱区玉米高产氮、磷、钾肥适宜用量.结果表明,吉林西部半干旱区玉米高产氮、磷、钾肥施用量分别为190～210 kg/hm~2、75～150 kg/hm~2、180～240 kg/hm~2.在该土壤条件下,玉米高产氮肥适宜用量为N 190.0 kg/hm~2、磷肥(P_2O_5)适宜用量为124.4 kg/hm~2、钾肥(K_2O)适宜用量为178.5 kg/hm~2.     

氮磷钾配比施肥对切花月季生长及抗白粉病的影响

采用氮、磷、钾不同配比施肥,对切花月季卡罗拉的株高、叶片数、最大叶面积、盛花期开花数、最大花冠径、切花枝长度、白粉病发病率、脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量等指标进行测定,结果表明供试的12种氮磷钾配比处理中,处理輥輰訛生长最好,抗白粉病能力最强,N∶P2O5∶K2O的施入量为0.108、0.010、0.057 kg/m2,比例为1∶0.93∶0.53。     

氮磷钾肥优化配施对冬小麦产量与养分吸收利用的影响

为探究氮磷钾肥优化配施对冬小麦产量、养分吸收和积累以及利用特性的关系,推动高产高效施肥,于2017—2018年在河南省的鹤壁市和焦作市同步开展冬小麦田间试验,分析不施肥(CK)、磷钾肥配施(CF-N)、氮钾肥配施(CF-P)、氮磷肥配施(CF-K)、氮磷钾肥优化配施(CF)、控释尿素与普通尿素1:1配施(CRU)和农民习惯施肥(FP)对冬小麦产量、地上部养分积累和吸收利用效率的影响。结果表明,CF能显著提高冬小麦产量,其两地产量平均值分别较CK和FP提高30.27%和6.50%;与FP相比,焦作市CF的氮、磷、钾素积累量分别提高20.69%、1.03%和23.16%,鹤壁市则分别提高9.99%、3.27%和13.88%;两地CF氮、磷、钾肥利用率较CRU分别平均提高9.57、7.17和9.83个百分点,农学效率分别平均提高0.85、2.20和2.25个百分点。综上,采用氮、磷、钾肥用量分别为240、105、90 kg/hm²,并按照基肥与拔节肥1:1配施的CF处理可显著提高冬小麦产量及养分吸收利用效率。     

紫色土夏玉米-冬小麦轮作农田的NO排放特征

利用紫色土养分循环长期定位研究平台,通过静态箱-气袋采气-化学发光氮氧化物分析仪观测了紫色土夏玉米-冬小麦轮作周期的NO周年排放特征。结果表明,施肥促发紫色土NO的峰值排放,玉米与小麦季的土壤NO排放峰值均出现在施肥后20 d内。常规夏玉米-冬小麦轮作条件下NO年累积排放通量为0.450 kg N·hm^-2,其中玉米季的NO累积排放通量为0.200 kg N·hm^-2,排放系数为0.13%,小麦季的NO累积排放通量为0.250 kg N·hm^-2,排放系数为0.20%。玉米季的NO排放速率与土壤表层温度呈指数响应关系,小麦季与温度关系不明显。土壤湿度对于玉米季常规施肥条件下NO的排放有显著的响应关系。种植作物的土壤较裸地的NO排放通量都有不同程度的降低。     

Integrated nutrient management for better quality and yield of Kinnow mandarin

This study was carried out to determine the integrated effect of organic matter alone and in combination with chemical fertilizers in order to maintain the nutritional status in Kinnow fruit plants. Lahore Compost was used as a source of organic matter. Treatments were made by using compost alone and in combination with nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), and well-rotten farm yard manure (FYM; cow dung). Treatments were applied before flowering and after fruit set. Effect of these treatments on different physicochemical characteristics of Kinnow fruit and nutritional status in tree leaves was determined. Among all treatments, minimum flower drop, maximum yield, and better fruit quality were recorded in plants where 40 kg compost + 1/2 recommended doses of NPK were applied before flowering and after fruit setting, while minimum fruit set was recorded from the plants where 30 kg compost alone was applied before flowering.     

Soil microbial biomass and activity response to repeated drying-rewetting cycles along a soil fertility gradient modified by long-term fertilization management practices

The effects of repeated drying-rewetting (DRW) cycles on the microbial biomass and activity in soils taken from long-term field experiment plots with different fertilization (FERT) management practice histories were studied. We investigated the hypothesis that soil response to DRW cycles differs with soil fertility gradient modified by FERT management practices. The soils were incubated for 51 days, after exposure to either nine or three DRW cycles, or remaining at constant moisture content (CMC) at field capacity. We found that both DRW and FERT significantly affected soil properties including NH₄-N, NO₃-N, dissolved organic C (DOC), microbial biomass C (Cmic), basal soil respiration rate (BSR), urease activity (URE) and dehydrogenase activity (DHD). Except for NH₄-N and BSR, variation in the properties was largely explained by FERT, followed by DRW, and then their interaction. Irrespective of the soils' FERT treatment, repeated DRW cycles significantly raised the DOC and Cmic levels compared with CMC, and the DRW cycles also resulted in a significant decline in BSR and URE and increase in DHD, probably because the organisms were better-adapted to the drying and rewetting stresses. The variations in soil biological properties caused by DRW cycles showed a significantly negative relationship with the soil organic C content measured prior to the start of the DRW experiments, suggesting that soils with higher fertility are better able to maintain their original biological functions (i.e., have a higher functional stability) in response to DRW cycles.     

蘑菇渣与化学肥料配合施用对豇豆生长的效应

在高明市采用大田试验方法,研究了蘑菇渣与氮磷钾化肥配合施用对豇豆生长的效应.结果表明:单施蘑菇渣的豇豆产量极低,而蘑菇渣与氮磷钾化肥配合施用的增产效果极显著,一般比单施蘑菇渣可增产362.0%～390.5%;此外,蘑菇渣与氮磷钾化肥配合施用还具有促进豇豆开花结荚、增加豆荚长度、提高豆荚维生素C含量和磷钾含量的效果.从多个指标综合比较,以每667 m2用蘑菇渣500 kg与尿素28.7 kg、过磷酸钙37.9 kg、氯化钾12.7 kg配合施用的效果最佳,可作为当地豇豆高效使用蘑菇渣的推荐施肥措施.     

新型包膜肥在早熟禾上的试验研究

通过自制长效包膜肥与常规施肥在草地早熟禾盆栽上的试验研究表明,在同一施肥量的情况下作基肥一次施入,长效包膜肥在整个试验期间可以满足早熟禾整个试验期对养分的需求,但常规施肥则出现了缺肥症状。包膜肥加工过程及加入缓释剂对N素养分和P、K养分的释放规律有所不同:缓释剂的加入有利于提高N肥效但却加速了肥料中P、K的释放;包膜却对N、P、K均有延缓释放的作用。