右江河谷区水稻测土配方施肥对比试验初报

水稻测土配方施肥对比试验结果表明:在右江河谷平原区按照施N12kg/667m2;P2O5 6kg/667m2;K2O 9kg/667m2的配方施肥,不仅可以促进水稻的生长发育,使植株长势良好,叶色浓绿,熟期转色好,有效穗多,成穗率高,每穗总粒数和实粒数多,结实率高,增加稻谷产量;同时降低水稻的生产成本,提高水稻种植经济...     

兴仁县玉米氮、磷、钾肥料利用率浅析

综合8个玉米“3414”肥料效应试验和4个玉米氮、磷、钾肥料利用率试验数据,分析并阐述兴仁县玉米氮、磷、钾利用率的现状,得出玉米氮、磷、钾肥的利用率分别为29.5％、24.5％和40.9％,为今后玉米种植中测土配方施肥的配方合理化和寻求提高氮、磷、钾利用率的途径提供了理论依据.     

Estimation of economic threshold level of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) to Tackle Grain quality and yield Losses in Rice

Alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) is the most troublesome invasive weed in transplanted rice ecosystems worldwide. A two-year field study was conducted to estimate economic threshold levels and the season long competitive effect of six alligator weed densities (0, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 plants m^?2) on yield and quality traits of transplanted rice. A gradual linear incline in dry weight of alligator weed was observed with an increase in its density from 2 to 32 plants m^?2. Maximum N (15.93–18.26 kg ha^?1), P (15.10–16.46 kg ha^?1) and K (16.34–17.81 kg ha^?1) uptake by alligator weed was recorded at its density of 32 plants m^?2. More micronutrient loss to the tune of 6.53, 47.92, 19.99, and 38.42 mg kg^?1 for Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn, respectively was observed at the same density. Increasing density of alligator weed caused more losses in paddy yield (up to 21.37–23.78%), amylose and rice grain protein contents. According to a nonlinear hyperbolic regression model, maximum paddy yield loss of rice at asymptotic value of alligator weed density was 38.8% during 2011 and 42.4% during 2012. Economic threshold value of alligator weed was estimated 1.5 and 1.3 plants per m² during 2011 and 2012, respectively.     

施肥对油茶春梢生长及叶片矿质元素含量的影响

为了实现对油茶的高效精准施肥,以普通油茶良种‘长林4号’盆栽大苗为试材,研究了不同施肥策略及复合肥不同氮、磷、钾配比对春梢生长及叶片主要矿质元素氮磷钾元素含量的影响。研究结果表明:复合肥和有机肥的施用量对春梢长度影响显著,而复合肥不同氮磷钾配比对春梢长度无显著影响;冬季有机肥的施用对春梢叶片氮磷钾矿质元素含量无显著影响,而不同复合肥施用量、氮磷钾配比和施用频次显著影响春梢叶片氮钾元素含量,对叶片磷元素的含量影响则不显著;冬季施用25 g/株有机肥、5月份施用N∶P2O5∶K2O配比为5∶1∶5的复合肥15 g/株,对促进油茶春梢生长、改善春梢叶片氮钾营养效果最佳。     

不同氮磷钾配施对芦笋生长和产量的影响

为了研究和改进芦笋栽培技术,发挥芦笋的生产潜力,针对潍坊地区的生态条件,以4年生‘冠军’为试验材料,采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的方法,对高肥力地块和中肥力地块的N、P、K不同配比对芦笋生长和产量的影响进行详细研究。结果表明：在高肥力地块施肥无明显增产效果,土壤有机质含量达到1.36%、全氮0.091%、碱解氮41.0 mg/kg、速效磷13.4 mg/kg、速效钾140 mg/kg 以上时,对土壤再施肥无明显增产效果;中等肥力地块施肥效果明显,N、P、K 的比例以10:7:9 效果最好,产量为15000 kg/hm2的合理施肥指标为有机肥（完全腐熟）60000 kg/hm2,氮磷钾施用量分别为450、315、405 kg/hm2,全部有机肥和60%的化肥,在采笋结束时一次施入。30天后将40%的化肥作追肥施入。     

Vermicomposting leachate as liquid fertilizer for the cultivation of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.)

In vermicomposting, the main product is the worm casts, but a leachate is generated that contains large amounts of plant nutrients. This leachate is normally diluted to avoid plant damage. We investigated how dilution of vermicompost leachate combined with different concentrations of nitrogen (N) - phosphorus (P) - potassium (K) triple 17 fertilizer, and polyoxyethylene tridecyl alcohol as dispersant and polyethylene nonylphenol as adherent to increase efficiency of fertilizer uptake, affected sugarcane plant development. The vermicomposting leachate with pH 7.8 and electrolytic conductivity 2.6 dS m^?1, contained 834 mg potassium (K) l^?1, 247 mg nitrate (NO₃^?) l^?1 and 168 mg phosphate (PO₄^3?) l^?1, was free of pathogens and resulted in a 65% germination index. Vermicompost leachate did not inhibit sugarcane growth and mixed with 170 g l^?1 NPK triple 17 fertilizer resulted in the best plant development. No dispersant or adherent was required to improve plant height and stem development.     

Productivity of capsicum influenced by conjoint application of isolated indigenous PGPR and chemical fertilizers

Inorganic fertilizers alone cannot sustain high levels of productivity. This study was conducted to determine whether higher productivity of capsicum could be achieved by conjoint application of chemical fertilizers and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Four PGPR isolates (RS₂, RS₃, RS₄, and RS₇) from capsicum roots and rhizosphere were evaluated at Solan, Himachal Pradesh (India), during 2009–2012. Two best performers: RS₂ and RS₇ were tried singly or in consortium with different levels of chemical fertilizers under field conditions, Randomized Block Design, replicated thrice. The conjoint use of 100% recommended nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) doses through chemical fertilizers (RDF) plus PGPR significantly increased fruit yield, plant height, and biomass by 37%, 20%, and 30%, respectively, over sole application of 100% RDF (control). Further, response of capsicum to 80% RDF plus PGPR was statistically comparable with control. The results, therefore, indicate the potential of isolated PGPR strains to substitute about 20% NP fertilizers besides enhanced productivity of capsicum.     

彭阳县马铃薯氮磷钾养分平衡定位试验研究

通过田间试验设计,建立了宁夏南部山区马铃薯施肥量与产量数学模型,并进行了检验,确定了模型的可靠性,马铃薯施磷肥与钾肥、不施氮肥减产减收,连作时施纯氮12 kg/666.7 m2、五氧化二磷8.25 kg/666.7 m2、氧化钾7.32 kg/666.7 m2为最优经济施肥量,施纯氮12 kg/666.7 m2、五氧化二磷8.69 kg/666.7 m2、氧化钾8.02 kg/666.7 m2为最高施肥量,施五氧化二磷3~6 kg/666.7 m2、氧化钾0~3 kg/666.7 m2范围内产量效益最高。     

不同氮磷钾配施对东北烤烟叶片叶绿素含量的影响

[目的]研究不同氮磷钾配施对东北烤烟叶绿素含量的影响。[方法]以烤烟品种龙江911为材料,在田间条件下以氮、磷、钾施用量和配比作为变量,以烤烟叶片的叶绿素含量为目标函数建立方程。[结果]烤烟叶片叶绿素含量与不同氮磷钾配比密切相关,并能建立三元二次回归方程;氮磷钾影响烤烟叶片叶绿素含量的主控因子;磷钾的交互作用为正相关。以叶绿素含量为指标筛选出最佳施肥方案为：N15kg/hm^2,P2O5101kg/hm^2,K2O189kg/hm^2。[结论]该研究为烟叶生产中高效施肥提供了科学依据。     

平衡施肥对油用向日葵养分吸收分配规律的影响

为了明确配合施用NPK肥对油用向日葵(油葵)养分吸收分配规律的影响,在河套灌区进行了田间试验。结果表明:增施NPK肥均有增产效果,且氮肥钾肥磷肥;1 kg N、P2O5和K2O分别增产葵花籽2.3、2.7和7.2 kg,施用N、P2O5和K2O养分利用率分别为24.4%、10.5%和50.1%,生产100 kg油葵籽实吸收N、P2O5和K2O分别为5.02、1.62和7.64 kg。干物质和NPK养分积累均表现为前期慢、中期快、后期又慢的"S"生长曲线变化规律,可用阻滞方程y=k/(1+aebx)进行模拟。油葵全株吸收的K最多,N次之,P最少,出苗后70 d是养分从营养器官向生殖器官转移的转折点,收获时N和P主要集中在籽实中,K主要分配在茎秆中。