零换水条件下饲料蛋白水平对团头鲂幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和血清生化指标的影响

为探究零换水养殖水体中饲料蛋白水平对团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)幼鱼生长、消化酶活力和血清生化指标的影响,实验设计投喂4个不同蛋白水平的生物絮团试验组(BF-20%、BF-25%、BF-30%、BF-35%)以及1个投喂35%蛋白的循环水对照组,每个处理组设置3重复,每个养殖桶放养初始体重为(6.06±0.01)g团头鲂幼鱼25尾,养殖周期为6周。结果表明:(1)形成的生物絮团可以有效地调节水质,降低水体中的氨氮、硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮水平;(2)BF-30%和BF-35%组和对照组的终末体重、增重率和饲料系数差异不显著(P0.05),但其显著高于BF-20%组(P0.05),各处理组间的存活率没有显著性差异(P0.05);(3)BF-25%组、BF-30%组和BF-35%组的肠道、肝脏超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组和BF-20%组(P0.05),而BF-20%组的肝脏丙二醛含量显著高于其他处理组(P0.05);BF-25%组、BF-30%组和BF-35%组的血清碱性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性显著高于对照组和BF-20%组(P0.05),而其血清中总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力差异不显著(P0.05)。研究表明,零换水条件下饲料中35%蛋白水平减少至25%并不影响团头鲂幼鱼的生长和非特异性免疫力。     

Effects of biofloc under different carbon sources and protein levels on water quality,growth performance and immune responses in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius, 1978)

A 75‐day 2 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two levels of dietary protein (32 and 40%) and two different carbon sources (rice flour–R and molasses‐M), and without carbohydrate (control–C) in black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon juveniles (3.37 ± 0.04 g) at 100 nos. m^?3 in 100 L fibre reinforced plastic tanks. Biofloc volume and total suspended solid were higher in molasses added groups (32 + M and 40 + M) followed by rice flour (32 + R and 40 + R) and controls (32C and 40C). Molasses and rice flour addition significantly reduced (P < 0.01) the total ammonia–N compared to controls. The highest Vibrio, Bacillus and Lactobacillus counts were recorded in 40 + M, 32 + M and 32 + R respectively. Among the treatments, significantly higher (P < 0.01) final body weight was recorded in 40 + R (8.5 ± 0.3 g), 40 + M (7.8 ± 0.3 g) and 32 + R (7.5 ± 0.4 g) compared to control groups, 32C (6.1 ± 0.3 g), 40C (6.4 ± 0.3 g) and molasses added group, 32 + M (5.7 ± 0.4 g). Rice flour supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.01) the total haemocyte count (×10⁶ cells mL^?1) in 32 + R (45.7 ± 3.7) and 40 + R (44.3 ± 3.1) compared to controls, 32C (27.3 ± 3.4) and 40C (25.8 ± 0.9). Similarly, higher superoxide dismutase, catalase, serum protein and glucose were recorded in the rice flour added groups, 40 + R followed by 32 + R. Among the treatments, the highest level of prophenoloxidase (OD 490 nm, 0.3 ± 0.0) and survival after challenge with Vibrio harveyi (55.6%) was observed in 32 + R. The study elucidates that rice flour addition produces optimum level of biofloc with better growth and immune responses compared to molasses and control. Furthermore, rice flour addition at 32% protein level could replace 40% protein feed.     

Effects of biofloc technology on reproduction and ovarian recrudescence in Nile tilapia

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reproductive cycle, morphological changes of ovary and mobilization of energy reserves in Nile tilapia reared with biofloc technology (BFT). In general, the growth and reproductive performance were highly similar between BFT and Control system (clear water). Difference between the systems was found in the hepatosomatic index (using mixed‐effects models), which suggested that BFT can alter the energy mobilization in the post‐spawning period. The absolute and relative fecundity, fertilization rate, number of larvae produced per female, gonadosomatic index, proportion of oogenesis cells, number of post‐ovulatory and atretic follicles were similar between the two systems. We also did not detect a reduction in the reproductive cycle length in Nile tilapia reared in BFT. Because there was no evidence of the negative effects of BFT on Nile tilapia reproduction, we concluded that BFT might be used for breeder stocking of this species.     

Effects of different carbon sources and dietary protein levels in a biofloc system on growth performance,immune response against white spot syndrome virus infection and cathepsin L gene expression of Litopenaeus vannamei

A 5‐week study was performed to evaluate the effect of spoilage date extract (SDE) as the biofloc carbon source on Litopenaeus vannamei (5.4 ± 0.3 g) performance. The two levels of dietary protein (15% and 25% crude protein) and two carbohydrate sources (molasses‐M and SDE‐P) were tested including: M15, M25, P15 and P25. The minimum (0.2 ± 0.0 mg/L) and the maximum (0.5 ± 0.0 mg/L) of total ammonia nitrogen were observed in the P15 and M25 groups respectively. The highest protein efficiency ratio (6.1 ± 0.3) and protein productive value (112.3 ± 5.8%) were found in the P15 group (p < 0.05). No significant difference was found between biofloc treatments in the expression of cathepsin L gene in hepatopancreas (p > 0.05). The number of total haemocyte count (THC), semigranular cells (SGC) and granular cells (GC) of shrimp in SDE‐based biofloc treatments was relatively higher than those in molasses‐based biofloc treatments. Following the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) challenge, a significant decrease in THC, SGC, GC and hyaline cell values was observed in all treatments (p = 0.001). Plasma biochemical parameters were significantly influenced by dietary protein levels, biofloc carbon sources as well as WSSV challenge test. In conclusion, SDE successfully could be used as an alternative carbon source for establishing a biofloc system in L. vannamei production.     

云南省油茶产业发展现状与对策研究

通过总结云南省油茶产业分布范围、栽培及育苗情况、良种繁育基地建设、油茶科技创新、油茶特色品牌等现状,分析其发展经验及存在的问题.结果显示,云南省油茶产业存在经营管理粗放、资金投入缺乏、生产组织形式落后、龙头带动效应不足、品牌打造有待加强、政策体系亟待健全等问题,提出加强组织领导、坚持创新引领、提升质量品牌、统筹兼顾发展...     

我国池塘增氧技术现状与发展趋势

以1972年第一台叶轮式增氧机的诞生为标志,池塘增氧技术在我国发展了40多年,它是我国养殖总产量连续24年位居世界第一的主要因素之一。通过对目前国内池塘增氧技术的现状进行分析,将叶轮式增氧机、涌浪式增氧机和太阳能技术在池塘增氧中的应用分别划分为成熟技术、创新技术和萌芽技术,并进行了阐述;指出目前存在的缺乏对创新技术的评价方法、研发能力不足、缺少对新技术的推广力度等问题是制约池塘增氧技术进一步发展的瓶颈,同时结合水产养殖发展的新变化、新特点,对池塘增氧技术发展的趋势进行了探讨。     

水肥一体化技术在苹果园中的应用研究

针对目前山东省内多数苹果园存在的规模化、机械化管理水平不高,传统灌溉施肥模式废水废肥等问题,提出结合实际情况在不同规模的苹果园内应用不同模式的水肥一体化系统,介绍了不同水肥一体化模式的适用范围,总结了苹果园应用水肥一体化技术具有节约水肥药、改善苹果品质、保护土壤等优点,对促进山东省苹果生产方式转型升级、实现苹果产业绿色高效高质发展具有积极作用。     

报废汽车回收X射线分选技术研究进展与应用

介绍了X射线分选的具体原理,指出了目前X射线分选存在的问题,综述了国内外报废汽车回收X射线分选的研究进展与相关设备应用现状,展望了X射线分选技术的发展趋势.     

我国水产品全产业链损耗研究

本文通过调研水产品在流通、加工、贮藏和零售四个产业链环节的损耗情况,对不同类型水产品损耗原因和差异进行分析,提出降低我国水产品产业链损耗的建议措施.单一水产品品种的损耗率数据通过调研直接获得,水产品(整体)及各品类产业链损耗率基于2008-2019年水产品品类及品种产量结构加权计算所得.结果显示:2008-2019年,...     

不同卤虫混养比例对生物絮凝系统凡纳滨对虾标粗效果的影响

在生物絮凝凡纳滨对虾养殖系统中,分别以100%、50%、0%的比例投喂活的卤虫幼体(Artemia spp)和饲料(分别记为A组,AF组和F组),研究其对养殖过程中氮素转化途径及转化效率的影响。卤虫以湿质量计算,饲料以干质量计算。试验结果显示,A组亚硝酸盐浓度显著低于另外2组(P<0.05);各组氨氮浓度在养殖第7天时达到峰值,此后迅速降低并维持在1 mg/L以下,3组之间差异不显著(P>0.05);3组硝酸盐浓度均无积累,且略有下降;养殖30 d后,A组对虾存活率(35.67%)显著高于其余两组(均低于30%)(P<0.05);A组对虾终末平均体质量为(1.92±0.96)g,显著低于AF组的(2.99±1.85)g和F组的(3.25±1.23)g(P<0.05),原因可能是卤虫的营养成分相比配合饲料较为单一。