牧草地流转价格空间分异格局及形成机制分析——以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗为例

以内蒙古西乌珠穆沁旗（西乌旗）为例,分析牧草地流转价格的空间结构及其形成机制。首先运用克里金插值法研究其空间分异特征,然后利用相关分析和空间计量模型揭示牧草地流转价格空间格局的形成机制。结果显示：西乌旗牧草地流转价格由旗北部、东南部向外围逐渐递减,并呈现出东高西低的趋势;牧草地流转价格空间自相关特征显著且呈空间集聚格局,但也存在由于少量空间异质性而呈现的局部离散格局;流转价格受草地用途、草地产草量、是否签订合同的影响最显著,牧户年牧业纯收入和个人承包面积对牧草地流转价格影响次之。研究结果为宏观把控该地区牧草地流转价格的总体情况,以及完善不同区域草地流转市场提供了参考信息。     

气候变化对藏药独一味适生区分布格局的影响

本研究通过实地调查,运用最大熵(MaxEnt)模型和环境气候数据模拟未来气候变化对青藏高原地区藏药独一味(Lamiophlomis rotata(Benth.)Kudo)适生区空间分布格局的影响,探索其适生区变迁规律.通过ArcGIS和SPSS对模拟结果分析显示,当前气候条件下独一味最适宜生长地区主要分布于青藏高原地区...     

PBL模式《小动物透明标本制作与技术改良》建设与教学探索

《小动物透明标本制作与技术改良》课程引入国际流行的PBL(Problem based learning)教学模式,通过教师引导,学生自主学习、讨论制定实验方案,主动动手操作,并总结汇报实验成果的教学流程,探讨小动物透明标本的制作方法及技术改良手段,以及创新性实验课程的开设模式.教学实践表明:基于PBL的实验教学模式不仅...     

高校创新培养新模式探索——文献阅读模式改革

随着我国高校学生培养水平的整体提高及对学生学习、掌握理论与技能要求的进一步提高,对其培养模式的新探索也随之展开。本文针对高校本科生与研究生在文献阅读中普遍存在的“不会找,不会读,读不懂”三大难题,借助例会等形式进行文献阅读改革的探索,对所阅读文献的内容,质量,侧重点等进行具体规划,并辅以凝练总结加以强化。团队多年来在教学模式中的探索与实践表明,通过5个部分对文献讲读因材施教,学生理论水平提升效果明显,对科研思维的培养也有较高的指导意义,为其学习专业领域知识及科研领域探索奠定更稳固的基础。本文结合团队多年来教学培养新模式中的探索经验,提出几点措施与建议,供大家参考。     

人类艾滋病动物模型研究进展

许多疾病的研究离不开动物模型,它是进行发病机制、药物治疗和疫苗研究的必需条件之一。文章综述了近年来国内外建立艾滋病动物模型研究方面的新进展,包括了灵长类动物和非灵长类动物,并对建立艾滋病动物模型的发展前景进行展望。     

Critical Phase Transition of the Two-dimensional Microcanonical Ising Model by Cellular Automata Q2R Method

The authors construct a microcanonical ensemble system and analyzes the phase change of the two-dimensional Ising model Cellular Automata Q2R/WQ2R method. The result indicates that the numerical value simulation can show the spontaneous magnetization of two-dimensional crystal lattice in isolated system. The authors have observed the critical phase transition phenomenon and gotten the critical energy. The simulation of three-dimensional Ising model can be grounded on the method that this article establishes.     

Temporal associations between low body condition,lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd

Previous work has hypothesised that cows in low body condition become lame. We tested this in a prospective longitudinal study. Body condition score (BCS), causes of lameness and milk yield were collected from a 600-cow herd over 44-months. Mixed effect binomial models and a continuous outcome model were used to investigate the associations between lameness, BCS and milk yield. In total, 14,320 risk periods were obtained from 1137 cows. There were 1510 lameness treatments: the most common causes of lameness were sole ulcer (SU) (39%), sole haemorrhage (SH) (13%), digital dermatitis (DD) (10%) and white line disease (WLD) (8%). These varied by year and year quarter. Body condition was scored at 60-day intervals. BCS ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 2.5, scores were higher in very early lactation but varied widely throughout lactation; approximately 45% of scores were <2.5. The key finding was that BCS < 2.5 was associated with an increased risk of treatment for lameness in the following 0–2 months and >2–4 months for all causes of lameness and also specifically for SU/WLD lameness. BCS < 2.5 was associated with an increased risk of treatment for SH in the following 0–2 months but not >2–4 months. There was no such association with DD. All lameness, SU/WLD, SH and DD were significantly more likely to occur in cows that had been lame previously, but the effect of BCS was present even when all repeat cases of lameness were excluded from the analysis. Milk yield was significantly higher and fell in the month before treatment in cows lame with SU/WLD but it was not significantly higher for cows that were treated for DD compared with non-lame cows. These findings support the hypothesis that low BCS contributes to the development of horn related claw lameness but not infectious claw diseases in dairy cows. One link between low BCS and lameness is a thin digital cushion which has been proposed as a trigger for claw horn disease. Cows with BCS 2 produced more milk than cows with BCS 2.5, however, this was only approximately 100 kg difference in yield over a 305-day lactation. Given the increased risk of lameness in cows with BCS 2, the direct costs of lameness and the small variability in milk yield by BCS, preventing cows from falling to BCS < 2.5 would improve cow welfare and be economically beneficial.     

Life Histories of Frogs in the Namib Desert

Four anuran taxa inhabit the central Namib: Xenopus laevis, Tomopterna delalandei cryptotis, Phrynomerus annectens and Bufo vertebrate hoeschi. Xenopus is confined to permanent pools in the Kuiseb river canyon. Tomopterna extends further into the Namib, but is restricted to the Kuiseb river bed. The Kuiseb is normally dry, receiving water only briefly (as floods) during the rainy season. These floods are responsible for moving adults and larvae. Phrynomerus and Bufo occur on granite inselbergs. The inselbergs provide shelter mainly in the form of cracks under granite exfoliations. Large runoff surfaces collect the low rainfall (25 mm per year) in depressions in which the frogs breed. Phrynomerus is only active at night; males are aggressive towards one another; oviposition takes place in deep pools and development takes at least eight weeks. Bufo is active during the heat of the day; oviposition takes place in warm shallow pools; development takes about three weeks.     

中国奶牛养殖模式及效益分析

中国奶牛养殖正由数量增长向质量增长方式转变,目前我国奶牛养殖仍以奶牛饲养小区为主体（集中饲养地、集中挤奶、统一防疫、分户管理、分户结算）,奶牛养殖小区农户养殖的奶牛总数占全国总存栏的70％以上,这对我国奶牛养殖业发展产生巨大影响,暴露出很多问题,必须向现代养殖模式转型,转型的主要方向是适度规模的家庭式奶牛场或股份合作制奶牛场,与其他大中型奶牛场一起成为我国现代奶牛场养殖组织模式,用5年时间使我国成乳牛胎泌乳量达到7 000 kg/头,实现奶牛养殖业发展以质量型发展为主,通过奶牛养殖模式转型促进我国奶牛养殖业可持续健康发展.     

合作社模式下农企利益联结机制研究——基于印度古吉拉特邦合作社牛奶销售联盟有限公司的案例分析

我国奶牛养殖加工利益联结不紧,从根本上制约着奶业健康发展。为充分借鉴国际大型奶业企业构建利益联结机制的经验,该研究基于世界奶业20强企业之一——古吉拉特邦合作社牛奶销售联盟有限公司（Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd.,GCMMF）及其下属合作社官方网站资料信息,分析其在产品研发、产品营销、品牌策略等方面的利益创造机制及利用Amul合作模式构建利益分配机制方面的成果,提出我国应借鉴其发展经验,立足国内市场稳定奶业发展,强化中小奶农在行业的地位,发展干乳制品产业以完善产业链条。