普洱茶多糖抗疲劳作用研究

[目的]研究普洱茶多糖的抗疲劳作用。[方法]健康昆明种小鼠30只,随机分成3组(10只/组,雌雄各半):对照组(Ⅰ组)、普洱茶多糖水溶液处理组(Ⅱ组)、普洱茶水浸液处理组(Ⅲ组),连续饲喂14 d,检测其运动耐力和血清尿素氮含量。[结果]Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠运动耐力分别为(187.2±4.7)、(438.5±20.3)、(270.3±7.8)min,血清尿素氮值分别为(8.168 7±0.194 4)、(1.680 6±0.156 8)、(4.231 0±0.349 2)mmol/L。可见给小鼠饲喂普洱茶多糖和普洱茶水浸液都能显著降低其血清尿素氮形成,同时也能显著提高小鼠的运动耐力,延长其游泳时间,且茶多糖效果比茶水浸液效果好。[结论]茶叶多糖具有一定的抗疲劳作用。     

A fine-scale model for area-based predictions of tree-size-related attributes derived from LiDAR canopy heights

Abstract

We propose a conceptual (generic) allometric (power function) relationship between tree-size-related forest inventory attributes (e.g. biomass, volume, basal area, quadratic mean diameter, Lorey's height) and canopy height (CH) as estimated from first-return airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) pulses. A data-driven estimation of the parameters in the power function is complicated, so we recommend an alternative approximation obtained via a linearisation step. Only two predictors appear in the approximation: the mean CH and the variance of CHs within the spatial domain supported by field data. The proposed model eliminates an otherwise complex search for the best predictors amongst a large number of candidate LiDAR metrics. It also facilitates model comparisons and interpretation. Fit statistics estimated for volume, basal area, quadratic mean diameter and Lorey's height – using three separate datasets from Norway – were compelling.     

Quantifying landscape linkages among giant panda subpopulations in regional scale conservation

Understanding habitat requirements and identifying landscape linkages are essential for the survival of isolated populations of endangered species. Currently, some of the giant panda populations are isolated, which threatens their long-term survival, particularly in the Xiaoxiangling mountains. In the present study, we quantified niche requirements and then identified potential linkages of giant panda subpopulations in the most isolated region, using ecological niche factor analysis and a least-cost path model. Giant pandas preferred habitat with conifer forest and gentle slopes (>20 to ≤30°). Based on spatial distribution of suitable habitat, linkages were identified for the Yele subpopulation to 4 other subpopulations (Liziping, Matou, Xinmin and Wanba). Their lengths ranged from 15 to 54 km. The accumulated cost ranged from 693 to 3166 and conifer forest covered over 31%. However, a variety of features (e.g. major roads, human settlements and large unforested areas) might act as barriers along the linkages for giant panda dispersal. Our analysis quantified giant panda subpopulation connectivity to ensure long-term survival.     

基于卫星图像的立木材积表编制编程实现

介绍了以编程实现编制卫星图像立木材积表的过程,着重介绍了使用最小二乘法计算经验模型中参数的算法及部分代码,并以北京市密云县雾灵山的落叶松为例,利用软件建立了胸径和冠幅的一元回归模型：D1.3=3.301 4＋6.312 2Ck,并据此编制了一元卫星图像立木材积表。     

遗传算法和最小二乘匹配相结合的DEM匹配方法

针对传统最小二乘无控制DEM匹配方法拉入范围小的问题,提出了一种遗传算法和最小二乘匹配相结合的无控制DEM匹配方法,为了克服基于传统匹配模型的遗传匹配方法易陷入缩放系数为0的错误全局最优极值处的问题,建立了采用距离等级划分的DEM匹配模型.在此基础上,设计了遗传算法和最小二乘匹配相结合的匹配方法流程.仿真和实际数据实验结果均表明,该方法能够保持最小二乘法匹配精度高和遗传算法拉入范围大的优点,并有较好的稳定性和较高的收敛效率.     

羊肉色泽傅立叶变换近红外光谱定量分析方法研究

以从北京市、山西大同市、宁夏吴忠市3个地区筛选的有代表性的227份羊肉样品为试材,应用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术探讨羊肉色泽无损检测的方法。以决定系数(R2)、校正标准差(RMSECV)和预测标准差(RMSEP)为近红外光谱检测模型的评价指标,采用偏最小二乘法(PLS)对近红外光谱信息与样品的色差e值进行拟合,确定最佳的光谱预处理方法、主成分数和光谱区间范围。结果表明:所选227个羊肉样品的色差e值分布范围为1.556～9.879,其中80%以上的样品e值在1～5之间,具有显著的代表性;在11995.5～4597.6cm-1的波段范围内,最佳主成分数为6时,近红外光谱经最大最小归一法处理后,建立的羊肉色泽预测模型精度最高,R2达到0.776,RMSECV为0.451;用此模型对预测集48个样品进行预测,预测值与实测值的相关系数(R)为0.835,RMSEP为0.517,该研究表明利用近红外光谱技术检测羊肉色泽可行。     

基于RGB图像光谱重建的鱼糜掺假定量检测研究

实现基于RGB图像的光谱重建对降低光谱的硬件要求、扩大其实际应用具有重大意义。该研究以鱼糜掺假检测为例,比较多元多项式最小二乘回归算法（polynomial multivariate least-squares regression,PMLR）与深度学习HRNet网络对光谱重建的性能,建立基于重建光谱多种掺假鱼糜检测模型并验证其实际应用的有效性。结果表明,2种方法的重建光谱误差较小,HRNet网络、PMLR算法重建光谱的均方根误差（root mean square error,RMSE）分别为0.010 4和0.012 6,大多数掺假检测模型有较高的预测准确性,其预测相关系数大于0.91,预测均方根误差小于9%。在基于重建光谱建立的掺假检测模型中,效果最佳的是基于PMLR算法重建光谱使用标准正态变量变换（standard normal variate,SNV）预处理的极限学习机回归模型,其预测均方根误差为3.954 4%、预测相关系数为0.983 0。因此,PMLR算法和HRNet网络均能较好的实现基于RGB图像的光谱重建,且重建光谱均能实现对鱼糜掺假样本的较好检测结果,为基于重建光谱的食品和农产品品质与安全检测提供了新思路。     

Slatted versus Solid Floors in the Dung Area: Comparison of Pig Production System (Moved versus not Moved) and Effects on Hygiene and Pig Performance,Weaning to Four Weeks after Weaning

The effect of weaning pigs in pens with slatted versus solid floor dung alleys, and of moving at weaning, was studied on pigs from 201 litters. Weaning was at 5 weeks and no litters were mixed. Four treatments were performed: slatted + moved, slatted + not moved, solid + moved and solid + not moved. Pen hygiene was significantly better in the slatted floor pens and morbidity significantly lower. There were no significant differences in mortality or in daily weight gain. Escherichia coli-associated diarrhoea was the major cause of disease and death, and joint inflammation was also of importance. It was concluded that slatted flooring improved pen hygiene and reduced morbidity due to gastrointestinal diseases. In addition, moving the pigs at weaning to cleaned, slatted floor pens may further reduce disease problems.     

Proximal sensing of the seasonal variability of pasture nutritive value using multispectral radiometry

The nutritive value of pasture is an important determinant of the performance of grazing livestock. Proximal sensing of in situ pasture is a potential technique for rapid prediction of nutritive value. In this study, multispectral radiometry was used to obtain pasture spectral reflectance during different seasons (autumn, spring and summer) in 2009–2010 from commercial farms throughout New Zealand. The analytical data set (n = 420) was analysed to develop season‐specific and combined models for predicting pasture nutritive‐value parameters. The predicted parameters included crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ash, lignin, lipid, metabolizable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) using a partial least squares regression analysis. The calibration models were tested by internal and external validation. The results suggested that the global models can predict the pasture nutritive value parameters (CP, ADF, NDF, lignin, ME and OMD) with moderate accuracy (0·64 ≤ r² ≤ 0·70) while ash and lipid are poorly predicted (0·33 ≤ r² ≤ 0·40). However, the season‐specific models improved the prediction accuracy, in autumn (0·73 ≤ r² ≤ 0·83) for CP, ADF, NDF and lignin; in spring (0·61 ≤ r² ≤ 0·78) for CP and ash; in summer (0·77 ≤ r² ≤ 0·80) for CP and ash, indicating a seasonal impact on spectral response.     

基于主成分回归分析方法的消费需求研究———以湖北省为例简

基于2002 ～2010年湖北省消费需求影响因素的时序数据,运用主成分分析法求出影响湖北省消费需求的主成分,然后运用最小二乘法与湖北省人均消费支出进行回归,得到主成分回归方程,并对其展开定量与定性分析.结果表明,少年儿童抚养比、老年抚养比和人均储蓄余额对人均消费支出具有正向促进作用,其指标每上升1％,人均消费支出将分别增加1.33％、1.30％和0.73％;而就业率、城乡收入差距、人均可支配收入、人均生产总值、一年期存款利率等对人均消费支出具有反向抑制作用,其值每上升1％,人均消费支出将下降0.29％、0.28％、0.29％、0.22％、0.13％.