苦楝种源间种子发芽变异的观测

对 8 个省份 36个种源的苦楝种子进行场圃发芽试验,观测苦楝种子的发芽率、发芽势并分析其地理变 异规律。 结果表明,发芽率和发芽势在种源间的差异达极显著水平,36 个种源平均发芽率为 59. 5% ,平均发芽势为 40. 3% 。 发芽性状表现较好的种源是江西赣州、于都、遂川,云南麻栗坡和西畴,福建漳平以及广东恩平;表现较差的 是海南、云南勐腊和罗平,贵州兴义以及福建永安等种源。 发芽率、发芽势随采种点由西向东、由南向北逐渐增加,且 发芽时间相对集中。 聚类分析将 36个种源聚为 5类,相同或相邻物候区的种源大多聚为一类。     

基于TDT原理的灌木水分传感器探头设计与实验

根据时域传输TDT法,设计了灌木茎体含水率测量装置。装置由高频信号源、同轴传输线、缠绕式探头及相位比较电路4部分组成。高频电磁波在不同介质中的传播速度不同,表现为在不同介质中的传播相位不同,而含水灌木介电常数的大小主要取决于其含水率的大小,因此通过测量电磁波在同轴电缆上A和缠绕于灌木茎体上探头B的相位差来获取灌木的含水率。选择吸水棉棒来模拟不同含水率的灌木,研究高频信号源工作频率、探头结构对相位差的影响。实验表明,当探针长度为60 cm,信号源频率为50 MHz和100 MHz时,A、B两路电磁波信号的相位差与棉棒吸水率变化呈单调性,且具有良好的相关性。     

Drying-rewetting cycles and γ-irradiation effects on enzyme activities of distinct layers from a Quercus ilex L. litter

In a Mediterranean climate, water stress is one of the principal constraints on proper forest ecosystem functioning. Drought influences rates of organic matter degradation by affecting microbial growth and enzyme activities. The objectives of this study were: (i) to evaluate the effect of repeated drying-rewetting cycles on cellulase, alkaline phosphatase and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase activities of three distinct Quercus ilex L. litter layers, and (ii) to investigate the effect of these cycles on γ-irradiated litters in order to distinguish the abiotic influence on the fluctuations observed. Results, for all three layers, showed high correlations between litter water content and enzyme activities. Under mesocosm conditions, and using non-sterilized litter samples, cellulase, alkaline phosphatase, and FDA activities significantly decreased or increased during drying or rewetting cycles respectively. Significant differences were also found when evaluating the effect of litter depth on enzyme activities, the intermediate depth (OLv layer) generally being the most active. For γ-sterilized samples, FDA activity still fluctuated with drying-rewetting cycles. Assays showed that pre-humidification of γ-irradiated litter increased FDA activity two-fold in the first 30 min. All these results have shown that, following drying-rewetting cycles, some of the fluctuations occur independently of microbial growth, suggesting abiotic interactions, such as desorption, in combination with both solvatation status and conformational changes of enzymes.     

气象条件与垂穗披碱草再生性关系的研究

利用河南县牧气观测资料 ,根据垂穗披碱草的生物学特性 ,探讨牧草的再生能力与积温、草原干湿指数、产草量的关系 ,可作为科学利用草场 ,合理轮牧的依据。     

中纤板生产中红外水分测定仪在线检测应用影响因素浅析

通过在中密度纤维板生产线中TIR-E四光束红外水分测定仪的调试和应用，分析了可能影响其检测精度的一些因素，并提出了在使用中的注意事项。     

烟草种子超干燥保存技术研究初报

利用不同的干燥剂以及干燥剂与种子的不同比例对烟草种子进行超干燥保存研究,试图找到最有效、最安全的烟草种子超干贮存方法,并探索水分的降低规律,超干燥后对种子活力的影响等等。通过试验研究,寻找出超干燥条件下最低水分的临界值及配套完善种子超干技术,致使在常温下烟草种子保存寿命达到中期库的水平。     

温度湿度及种球茎大小对花魔芋有性繁殖的影响

有性繁殖是促进魔芋种植业发展和品种改良的有效途径，引起了极大的兴趣。本文研究117个花魔芋（Amorphophallus konjac K. Coch)单株花粉成熟后连续5d的温度、湿度以及花芽种球茎对其有性繁殖的影响，结果表明：授粉期间的温度和湿度对其自花授粉结实影响大，结实株花粉成熟后连续5d的平均温度和湿度分别为24℃和64%，均显著高于不实株，高温高湿有利于散粉和花粉的萌发从而完成受精；花芽种球茎大小对有性繁殖也有影响，结实株平均种球茎重显著高于不实株，且与单株结实浆果数呈极显著的正相关（r=0.6096, N=29），因此，宜选用花芽球茎大的用于魔芋有性繁殖。     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱法检测种子水分和生活力的研究

采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱法测定玉米、水稻种子的水分和生活力,并用光谱影响值法(Leverage)对异常值进行判断和处理.建立玉米、水稻种子水分、生活力的近红外光谱分析模型,快速地预测玉米、水稻种子的水分、生活力,满足农作物种子质量快速检测、贮藏、育种等的需要.     

单组分快速湿固化聚氨酯木材胶黏剂的研制

针对30min内胶接桦木生材(含水率在60%～90%)集成木方的生产需要,采用聚醚多元醇、多亚甲基多苯基多异氰酸酯(P-MDI)为主要原料制备单组分快速湿固化聚氨酯木材胶黏剂,以表(?)时间,常温凝胶时间和干、湿状压缩剪切强度为指标,通过正交试验确定合成工艺的主要参数:—NCO:—OH摩尔比值(R)大小、聚乙二醇(PEC)分子量大小和溶剂量与增塑剂量的比例,探讨了各项因素对胶黏剂性能的影响,并根据实际生产需要,优化出最佳方案。结果表明:所合成胶黏剂压制桦木生材集成木方的主要性能指标,均超过日本JISK6806—2003Ⅰ类板的标准要求。     

Moisture preferences,growth and reproduction of the compost worm Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta)

Summary Although moisture requirements of Eisenia fetida are considered to be generally known, very few in-depth studies have been performed. The moisture preferences of juveniles as well as adults of this species were determined in moisture towers containing cow manure with a particle size bigger than 500 and smaller than 1000 m and an organic matter content of 54%. The clitellate worms showed a wider preference range than the juveniles but deposited most of their cocoons within the narrow range of 65%–70% moisture — a moisture range preferred by 80% of the juveniles. Growth studies of newly hatched worms at various moisture levels over a period of 90 days showed that growth rate and final biomass were influenced by moisture availability with a very low rate of growth at low as well as at high moisture levels. The change in biomass of clitellate specimens as well as their consecutively produced cocoons were monitored at different moisture levels. A clear relationship between mass of cocoons and biomass of the producing worms was established at presumably favourable moisture conditions. Furthermore, the relation between cocoon mass and the production rate of cocoons was also determined, which showed that cocoon mass increased concomitantly with increase in cocoon production. The study also showed that clitellum development was increased at moisture levels above 64%. The onset of cocoon production was, however, earliest at slightly lower moisture levels, from which it is concluded that the optimal moisture level for growth and development of clitella are not necessarily optimal for the production of cocoons.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov