支链醇对生物柴油低温性能的影响研究

研究了用大豆油、甲醇和一种支链醇作为原料来制备含有脂肪酸支链醇酯的生物柴油,其中支链醇为异丙醇、异丁醇和仲丁醇中的一种.特别考察了反应时间、温度、催化剂和异丙醇与甲醇物质的量之比等因素对产物中脂肪酸异丙酯(IPE)含量的影响.用异丙醇和甲醇混合制备生物柴油,异丙酯的GC含量可达50%以上,但发现异丙酯的GC含量高于20%时,甘油不易分离.测定了IPE不同含量产物的黏度、冷凝点和冷滤点,发现其黏度比用纯甲酯制得的生物柴油略高,其冷凝点和冷滤点与之相比降低幅度可达5～8℃.     

生物—电氧化法去除海水养殖循环水污染物

为提高海水养殖循环水处理效率,降低处理成本,本研究采用曝气生物滤器与电化学阳极氧化组合工艺,考察了不同阳极电势、进水氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度下系统对氨氮及亚硝酸盐等污染物的去除效果,研究了微生物与工作电极之间的相互作用,并分析了电化学反应能耗。在水力停留时间为45 min、1.4 V阳极电压、进水氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度分别为4.5和1.3 mg/L条件下,生物—电氧化法对氨氮去除率达88.8%,高出对照组7.6%,出水氨氮和亚硝酸盐浓度分别为0.5和0.9 mg/L,COD去除率为88.2%,高出对照组19.4%,平均能耗0.040 kWh/m³,电极表面微生物生长对阳极电氧化过程有促进作用,微生物功能预测显示实验组硝化功能占比为0.03%,对照组为0.07%。研究表明,生物—电氧化法对海水养殖循环水的污染物有良好的去除效果,具有一定的发展应用潜力。     

几种SAR影像斑点噪声滤波器的快速实现算法

本文提出了用C 语言在计算机软件工程中几种经典滤波快速实现的算法,在程序设计中充分考虑了滤波程序运行涉及的窗口数据迭代重复性问题,折中了海量遥感图像数据读写交互与计算机缓存有限性的问题。与遥感处理商用软件——-ERDAS同名滤波器处理同幅图像的速率对比得出,经过改进后的滤波程序明显快于ERDAS同名滤波器的处理。     

我国马铃薯价格波动规律研究--基于X-12和H-P滤波法的实证分析

马铃薯作为重要的农产品之一,其价格波动受多种因素影响。本文采用X-12模型和H-P滤波法,选取2005年1月至2015年12月全国农产品批发市场价格的月度数据,将其波动分解为季节性、周期性、趋势性和不规则性波动4种类型。结果显示,马铃薯生产的季节性是价格季节性波动的主要原因;成本上升及消费量增加推动价格趋势性上涨但总体趋于平缓;马铃薯价格呈明显的周期性波动,平均周期约为47个月;天气变化、市场突发事件等是价格不规则性波动的主要影响因素。对此,需扎实推进马铃薯生产稳定发展、健全全产业链信息分析预警机制、完善马铃薯价格保险制度,并推进马铃薯一二三产业融合发展,确保薯农收益稳定增长和市场供需基本平衡,促进市场平稳运行。     

对苯二胺对泥鳅的急性毒性及安全评价

研究对苯二胺对泥鳅的急性毒性并进行安全性评价。在实验室条件下,以染发剂的主要成分对苯二胺为诱变剂,采用半静水试验法,研究了对苯二胺在不同浓度(0、15、17.85、21.24、25.27和30mg/L)和不同染毒时间(24、48、72和96h)条件下,对泥鳅(Misgurnus angullicaudatus)的急性毒性作用。结果表明:对苯二胺24、48、72和96h的LC50分别是39.40、27.93、23.69和18.78mg/L,安全浓度为4.21mg/L。根据有毒物质对鱼类的急性毒性标准,对苯二胺属于高毒性污染物(LC50在1～100mg/L),建议染发时谨慎使用,并关注染发污水排放对环境的影响。     

氨氮和亚硝酸氮对南美白对虾的毒性研究

用通常的生物毒性试验方法进行了氨氮和亚硝氨氮对体长5cm南美白对虾的急性毒性试验。在海水pH8.15、水温T＝27℃、盐度S＝20．0‰条件下，求得了两种物质对南美白对虾24h、48h、72h、96h的半死浓度，提出总氨氮和非离子氨氮对南美白对虾的安全浓度分别为2．667mg/L和0．201mg/L，亚硝酸氮的安全浓度为5．551mg/L。氨氮对南美白对虾的毒性强于亚硝酸氮，并提出降低氨氮和亚硝酸氮含量的措施。     

基于双输出电流传输器的模拟浮地电感

由于电感不易集成，利用有源器件模拟电感一直是研究的热点．本文提出了一种新的模拟浮地电感，分析了该电感在理想情况和考虑有源器件非理想特性情况下的电感值，并把它应用到椭圆滤波器中．PSPICE仿真证实了此模拟浮地电感符合设计要求．该电感仅由2个第二代正电流传输器(简称CCⅡ )，1个双输出电流传输器(简称DOCCⅡ)和2个电阻，1个电容组成，结构简单；电感值可由无源元件参数控制．     

Synthetic fibre as biological support in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of synthetic fibre as a biological support for the adhesion of nitrifying bacteria in an aquaculture recirculation system (RAS). It was developed from three assays over 120 days. In the first assay, the synthetic fibres used as biological support were introduced in tanks of biological filtration of the system for posterior respirometry analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Respirometry and SEM were performed 10 days after inoculation with nitrifying microorganisms. Water quality parameters were monitored daily, and the respirometry showed that the bacteria in this assay were consuming the following amounts of ammonium: concentrations [C1]35.369 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.9912; [C2]51.628 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.9883; [C3]79.494 mg NH₃/L, R² = 0.986; and [C4]215.225 mg NH₃L, R² = 0.9934. In the second assay, a 1920-L tank was stocked with 120 Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, with an initial weight 32.11 ± 7.6 g and a biomass of 3.8 kg. After 60 days, the tank and its contents were assessed to evaluate zootechnical parameters and physical–chemical parameters of water quality. From these results, a third assay was developed in which the biomass of fish was increased to challenge the recirculation system. The tank was stocked with 480 jundiá Rhamdia quelen (initial weight 11.34 ± 2.4 g and biomass 5.4 kg) for 60 days. In both the tilapia and jundiá assays, the fish were fed four times per day with a commercial diet of 35% crude protein and 42% crude protein, respectively, at 5% of each individual fish’s body weight. At the end of the zootechnical assays, the synthetic fibres used showed efficient biological support for bacterial growth, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The fibres also demonstrated maintenance of the water quality, which allowed good fish growth in the recirculating aquaculture system, and the maintenance of up to 11.19 kg/m³ of biomass of fish.     

Use of fluidized bed biofilter and immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris for ammonia removal and fish health maintenance in a recirculation aquaculture system

Intensive recirculating aquaculture relies on biofilters to sustain satisfactory water quality in the system. Fluidized bed and immobilized cell technologies were used to remove ammonia from the water and maintain fish health. A high‐rate nitrifying fluidized bed biofilter combined with valveless filter was designed for use in a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS). The suspended solids produced during fish culture could automatically be removed using a valveless filter. Natural porosity with fitting proportion, steady fluidization and expanding rate was chosen as the fluidized carrier. The technology of bacterial separation and cultivation was used. The immobilized Rhodopseudomonas palustris (R. palustris) produced through a biotechnologically embedding medium is suitable for fish and could help prevent diseases. Nitrification was promoted through the selective rearing of nitrobacteria in a fluidized bed biofilter. Water quality was improved using fluidized bed biofilter and immobilized R. palustris in the RAS. In addition, the proposed system was able to reduce costs. Maximum fish load was 45 ± 3 kg m^?3 in the closed recirculating water fish culture system, and water use was reduced by 80–90%. The total ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the technology was 80–95%, and nitrite N removal rate was above 80%.     

GCL用于寒旱区渠道防渗的实验研究

我国西北灌区干旱、寒冷、盐渍化严重,普通防渗材料在该地区用于渠道防渗有一定局限性.研究GCL在该地区用于渠道防渗有重要意义.本文通过室内外试验,研究了老化因素对GCL力学性能的影响、水化液对膨润土溶液滤矢量的影响,膨润土在黄河水中的自由膨胀体积、塑性黏度、屈服值、虑矢量指标;研究表明:高温、低温、紫外线照射老化使1号、2号、3号最大承载力分别下降了34.3%、18.7%、32.5%;35.8%、31.5%、39.6%;45.0%、18.4%、48.9%.现场试验自然老化影响主要发生在第1年,影响随之减小.不同离子的水化液均可使膨润土溶液滤矢量增加,高价阳离子的影响大于低价阳离子的影响,0.01 mol/L A13+较蒸馏水水化液相比三试样滤矢量分别增加了291.9%、404.8%、367.3%;不同离子的膨润土水化液均表现出切稠现象,Na+水化液表现较明显.在黄河水中其自由膨胀体积减小,虑矢量增大,塑性黏度减小,三试样滤矢量分别增加了26.4%、16.7%、26.8%.寒旱盐渍化地区特殊的外部环境对GCL防渗效果有一定的影响,但仍满足防渗要求,可用于渠道防渗.