东京野茉莉花色成分的初步研究

对东京野茉莉花色成分进行了初步的探究。结果表明:通过特征颜色反应和光谱扫描说明了其花瓣细胞内有异黄酮、儿茶精类,还有叶绿素a、b,可能含有胡萝卜素、黄酮类化合物,以及无色花色素,可能不含查耳酮或橙酮。     

MWNTs/TiO2光催化降解氧乐果农药影响因素及动力学研究

通过合成多壁碳纳米管/二氧化钛(MWNTs/TiO_2)复合光催化剂,研究其对氧乐果农药的降解效率和作用机理,为去除水体中农药提供高效环保的水处理技术。通过溶胶-凝胶法制备MWNTs/TiO_2复合光催化剂,其中钛酸丁酯:异丙醇:水摩尔比为1∶25∶3、MWNTSs为0.5 g、MWNTSs与TiO_2质量比为100∶1.5。采用批实验法考察了复合材料投加量(200、400、600、800、1 000 mg/L)、溶液p H值(3、5、7、9、11)、氧乐果初始浓度(20、75、150 mg/L)、温度(15℃、25℃、35℃)、光照强度(385、560 W)等因素对其降解效果的影响,对比了MWNTs/TiO_2和TiO_2两种催化剂对降解效果,并通过SEM和EDS等手段对MWNTs/TiO_2复合光催化剂进行表征。结果表明,TiO_2均匀覆盖在MWNTs上,其中TiO_2占复合光催化剂的质量分数为59.59%;MWNTs/TiO_2复合光催化剂对氧乐果的降解效率受复合材料投加量、溶液p H值、氧乐果初始浓度、温度、光照强度等因素影响较大,在氧乐果初始浓度75 mg/L、MWNTs/TiO_2投加量600 mg/L、p H值为3、温度35℃及光照强度560 W最佳条件下,MWNTs/TiO_2对氧乐果的光催化降解率为60.71%。降解动力学分析发现降解过程符合一级反应动力学方程,降解速率常数为0.0033 h-1。在同样的条件下,MWNTs/TiO_2复合光催化剂比TiO_2降解效率提高了8.45%。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产品中孔雀石绿的残留量

建立了液相色谱-串联质谱测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物残留的检测方法。样品经乙酸铵盐溶液和乙腈提取,经二氯甲烷萃取,PRS阳离子交换柱净化,然后选用电喷雾离子源,在正离子、多反应监测方式模式下进行定性,以内标法进行定量。方法的检出限为0.10μg·kg-1,工作曲线的线性范围为0.10~4.00μg·kg-1。在添加浓度为0.10~4.00μg·kg-1的范围内,孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的平均回收率均分别为83.4%和95.0%,相对标准偏差分别为6.23%和6.74%。     

Characterization and expression of SLO1 potassium channels during spermatogenesis in Eriocheir sinensis

SLO1 potassium channels are pivotal to many aspects of spermatogenic cell. Experiments were conducted to assess physiology and function of SLO1 potassium channels in different developmental stages of spermatogenic cell in Eriocheir sinensis. First, the expression of SLO1 protein was examined via Western blot, RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence assays. The results showed that the expression of the SLO1 protein was not uniform in the spermatogenic cells of E. sinensis. Second, whole‐cell patch clamp technique was used to record the potassium current of spermatogenic cells and to analyse the electrophysiological characteristics of the potassium channels with the aid of inhibitors. It is proved that the potassium current in E. sinensis germ cells is associated with intracellular Ca²⁺, and the calcium‐activated potassium channel mediated by SLO1 protein is mainly large‐conductance Ca²⁺‐activated K⁺ channels (BK_Ca). Based on these researches, the cDNA of SLO1 from testis was cloned and sequenced. The SLO1 protein contained domains bound to calcium ions, and the spatial structure formed by its tetramers constituted potassium channels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SLO1 was much closer to Scylla paramamosain than other examined species. Finally, iberiotoxin (IbTX) and CdCl₂ were used to inhibit the acrosome reaction (AR) induced by A23187 and to explore the role of SLO1 potassium channels in the AR of E. sinensis. The experimental results showed that SLO1 potassium channels were expressed in E. sinensis spermatogenic cells and played an important role in the AR of crab sperm (SP).     

中华鳖同工酶研究

采用垂直淀粉胶电泳对中华鳖脑、眼、心、肌、肝、肾和卵巢七种组织中的六种同工酶系统（ＬＤＨ、ＡＤＨ、ＩＤＨ、ＭＥ、Ｇ６ＰＤＨ、ＥＳＴ）进行研究，构建了中华鳖同工酶酶谱，并利用草鱼ＬＤＨ－Ｂ４抗体对中华鳖ＬＤＨ酶谱进行了免疫化学分析，确定了中华鳖ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱和亚基组成，揭示了鱼类ＬＤＨ与爬行类ＬＤＨ在进化上的保守性     

Effect of experimental endotoxemia on thrombelastography parameters, secondary and tertiary hemostasis in dogs

Background: Thrombelastography (TEG) and indicators of secondary and tertiary hemostasis might be altered in dogs with endotoxemia. Hypothesis: Endotoxemia influences measures of coagulation in dogs. Animals: Ten healthy cross‐bred dogs. Material and Methods: Prospective laboratory study between controls (n = 5) receiving 0.9% saline IV and the study group (n = 5) treated with low‐dose lipopolysaccharide (0.02 mg/kg IV). Physical examination and sampling for measurement of leukocytes, platelets, and coagulation variables were performed at time points 0, 1, 4, and 24 hours. Coagulation variables included kaolin‐activated TEG, 1‐stage prothrombin time (OSPT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), fibrinogen, factor VIII, antithrombin, protein C, protein S, activated protein C (APC)‐ratio calculated from aPTT with and without presence of APC), and D‐Dimers. Results: Endotoxemia‐induced clinical signs included lethargy (n = 5/5), diarrhea (n = 4/5), emesis (n = 4/5), and abdominal pain (2/5). After 1 hour there was severe leukopenia (2.5 ± 0.7 × 10⁹/L; mean ± SD, P < .0001) and a 2.2‐fold increase in D‐Dimers (0.81 ± 0.64 mg/L, P < .0001). After 4 hours there was hyperthermia (40.3 ± 0.4°C, P < .0001) and increases in OSPT (10.5 ± 2.7 seconds, P < .0001), aPTT (16.7±5.2 seconds, P= 0.002). A significant decrease in fibrinogen (1.5±1.0 g/L, P= 0.001), protein C (31 ± 33%, P <.0001), protein S (63 ± 47%, P < .0001), TEG α (58 ± 19, P= .007), and TEG maximal amplitude (50 ± 19 mm, P= .003) was seen compared with the controls. APC‐ratio rose significantly (2.5 ± 0.2, P < .0001) without exceeding the reference interval (n = 4/5). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: D‐Dimers are the earliest indicator for endotoxemia‐associated coagulation abnormalities followed by decreased protein C concentration. APC‐ratio and TEG were not good screening variables.     

热处理对乳制品加工品质的影响

热处理在保证乳制品质量安全的同时,也会对牛乳的营养品质产生明显的影响。介绍了乳制品加工中常见的热处理方式,重点综述和总结了近年来国内外在牛乳热处理过程中的乳清蛋白质变性、氨基酸变化、美拉德反应、维生素损失、脂肪破坏和乳糖水解等方面的研究结果。     

Genotype by environment interaction and model comparison for growth traits of Santa Ines sheep

The objectives of the present study were to compare alternative models for the genetic evaluation and assess the importance of genotype by environment interaction (G×E) in the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic evaluation of birth weight (BW), weight at 60 days of age (W60) and weight at 180 days of age (W180) of Santa Ines sheep. Data comprise 7622 BW, 4673 W60 and 2830 W180 records from animals born in 44 Brazilian herds. Four models were used for the analyses: animal model (AM) with homogeneous residual variance (1), or heterogeneous residual variance (2), hierarchical reaction norms model (HRNM) with homogeneous (1) or heterogeneous residual variance (2). The models that best fit the BW, W60 and W180 data were AM2, HRNM1 and HRNM2 respectively. Thus, models for genetic evaluation that consider heterogeneity of variances are recommended to evaluate growth traits of sheep. The correlation between intercept and slope of the HRNM was higher than 0.70 for all traits studied, indicating that animals with higher average breeding values responded better to improvement in environmental conditions, a fact characterizing the scale effect of G×E. Therefore, G×E is an important factor to be considered in the estimation of genetic parameters and genetic evaluation of growth traits of sheep.     

观赏型南方红豆杉夏季修剪效应研究

在观赏型南方红豆杉上进行不同强度的修剪试验。结果表明:修剪能够显著性促进主枝粗度、次级枝平均长的生长及三级侧枝芽萌发;春梢短截1/3能够显著性增加次级枝数量、次级枝总长、均长,对新枝总长度无显著性影响;春梢短截1/2、春梢短截2/3能够显著性减少次级枝数量及新枝总长度。